Comprehensive final BIOS255 Exam :
Anatomy & Physiology III with Lab Latest update
2026/2027 | Chamberlain | Q&A with Rationales |
Grade A | Pass Guaranteed A+ Graded
Q1: A patient presents with a heart rate of 80 bpm and a stroke volume of 65 mL. What is their
Cardiac Output (CO)?
A. 5.2 L/min [CORRECT]
B. 520 mL/min
C. 7.8 L/min
D. 4.8 L/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Cardiac Output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume.
80 bpm × 65 mL = 5,200 mL/min, which converts to 5.2 L/min. This is a fundamental
hemodynamic calculation. Option B forgets to convert mL to L, Option C uses incorrect
math, and Option D uses a stroke volume of 60.
Q2: Which of the following sequences correctly represents the electrical conduction pathway of
the heart from start to finish?
A. AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers [CORRECT]
C. SA node → Bundle of His → AV node → Purkinje fibers
D. Purkinje fibers → Bundle branches → AV node → SA node
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The impulse originates in the SA node (pacemaker),
delays at the AV node to allow atrial contraction, travels down the Bundle of His, splits into
the right and left bundle branches, and finally spreads through the Purkinje fibers to
trigger ventricular contraction. The other options scramble the anatomical order.
Q3: A patient has a blood pH of 7.32, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. What is
the primary acid-base disturbance?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis [CORRECT]
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The pH is low (acidosis). The PaCO2 is high
, (respiratory component), and the bicarbonate is normal (no metabolic compensation yet).
This indicates hypoventilation is the primary cause. In metabolic acidosis, HCO3- would be
low; in alkalosis, pH would be high.
Q4: Select all that apply: Which of the following are functions of the kidneys?
A. Regulation of blood pressure via renin release [CORRECT]
B. Production of erythropoietin [CORRECT]
C. Activation of Vitamin D [CORRECT]
D. Production of insulin
E. Filtration of lymph
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and C. The kidneys regulate BP via the RAAS
system, stimulate RBC production via erythropoietin, and activate Vitamin D for calcium
homeostasis. Insulin is produced by the pancreas (D is wrong), and lymph is filtered by
lymph nodes (E is wrong).
Q5: During the cardiac cycle, the "dub" sound (S2) is caused by:
A. Closure of the AV valves
B. Closure of the semilunar valves [CORRECT]
C. Blood filling the ventricles
D. Atrial contraction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. S2 ("dub") marks the beginning of ventricular diastole
and is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves. AV valve closure
causes S1 ("lub").
Q6: Which intrinsic lung property is reduced in a patient with emphysema, leading to air
trapping?
A. Compliance
B. Elastic Recoil [CORRECT]
C. Airway Resistance
D. Surface Tension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Emphysema destroys alveolar walls and elastic fibers,
reducing the lung's ability to recoil inward during expiration. This causes air trapping.
Compliance is actually increased (lungs are too floppy), but the inability to recoil is the
functional deficit.
Q7: In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is approximately 104 mmHg, while in
the deoxygenated pulmonary capillary blood, it is 40 mmHg. What is the significance of this
gradient?
A. It drives oxygen from the blood into the alveoli
Anatomy & Physiology III with Lab Latest update
2026/2027 | Chamberlain | Q&A with Rationales |
Grade A | Pass Guaranteed A+ Graded
Q1: A patient presents with a heart rate of 80 bpm and a stroke volume of 65 mL. What is their
Cardiac Output (CO)?
A. 5.2 L/min [CORRECT]
B. 520 mL/min
C. 7.8 L/min
D. 4.8 L/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Cardiac Output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume.
80 bpm × 65 mL = 5,200 mL/min, which converts to 5.2 L/min. This is a fundamental
hemodynamic calculation. Option B forgets to convert mL to L, Option C uses incorrect
math, and Option D uses a stroke volume of 60.
Q2: Which of the following sequences correctly represents the electrical conduction pathway of
the heart from start to finish?
A. AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers [CORRECT]
C. SA node → Bundle of His → AV node → Purkinje fibers
D. Purkinje fibers → Bundle branches → AV node → SA node
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The impulse originates in the SA node (pacemaker),
delays at the AV node to allow atrial contraction, travels down the Bundle of His, splits into
the right and left bundle branches, and finally spreads through the Purkinje fibers to
trigger ventricular contraction. The other options scramble the anatomical order.
Q3: A patient has a blood pH of 7.32, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. What is
the primary acid-base disturbance?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis [CORRECT]
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The pH is low (acidosis). The PaCO2 is high
, (respiratory component), and the bicarbonate is normal (no metabolic compensation yet).
This indicates hypoventilation is the primary cause. In metabolic acidosis, HCO3- would be
low; in alkalosis, pH would be high.
Q4: Select all that apply: Which of the following are functions of the kidneys?
A. Regulation of blood pressure via renin release [CORRECT]
B. Production of erythropoietin [CORRECT]
C. Activation of Vitamin D [CORRECT]
D. Production of insulin
E. Filtration of lymph
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and C. The kidneys regulate BP via the RAAS
system, stimulate RBC production via erythropoietin, and activate Vitamin D for calcium
homeostasis. Insulin is produced by the pancreas (D is wrong), and lymph is filtered by
lymph nodes (E is wrong).
Q5: During the cardiac cycle, the "dub" sound (S2) is caused by:
A. Closure of the AV valves
B. Closure of the semilunar valves [CORRECT]
C. Blood filling the ventricles
D. Atrial contraction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. S2 ("dub") marks the beginning of ventricular diastole
and is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves. AV valve closure
causes S1 ("lub").
Q6: Which intrinsic lung property is reduced in a patient with emphysema, leading to air
trapping?
A. Compliance
B. Elastic Recoil [CORRECT]
C. Airway Resistance
D. Surface Tension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Emphysema destroys alveolar walls and elastic fibers,
reducing the lung's ability to recoil inward during expiration. This causes air trapping.
Compliance is actually increased (lungs are too floppy), but the inability to recoil is the
functional deficit.
Q7: In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is approximately 104 mmHg, while in
the deoxygenated pulmonary capillary blood, it is 40 mmHg. What is the significance of this
gradient?
A. It drives oxygen from the blood into the alveoli
