SECURITY FOUNDATIONS D481 OA EXAM 2
2026 CYBERSECURITY PRINCIPLES TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Local Area Network Answer: LAN
◉ How are Local Area Networks defined? Answer: In terms of
protocol and the topology used for accessing the network.
◉ A set of rules established for users to exchange information
Answer: Protocol
◉ The network architecture used to interconnect the networking
equipment. Answer: Topology
◉ What are the most common topologies for LANs? Answer: Ring,
Bus, and Star
◉ Uses a token that is placed in the data channel and circulates
around the ring. Answer: Token Ring topology
◉ A deterministic network Answer: Token Ring Topology
,◉ Each station connected to the network ensures access for
transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time intervals
Answer: Deterministic
◉ What are the disadvantages of the Token Ring system? Answer: 1.
If an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop
circulating.
◉ What is a disadvantage of the Token Ring system from the
troubleshooting and maintenance? Answer: The token ring path
must be temporarily broken or interrupted if a computer or any
device on the network is to be removed or added to the network.
◉ What is a solution to the troubleshooting and maintenance
disadvantages of the Token Ring system? Answer: Connect each
computer or device on the network to a central token ring hub.
◉ A device that manages the passing of the token instead of relying
on individual computers to pass it. Answer: Token ring hub
◉ How does the token ring hub improve the network? Answer: It
improves the reliability of the network.
,◉ Topology whereas the computers share the media or coaxial cable
for data transmission. Answer: Bus topology
◉ The coaxial cable that is looped through each networking device
to transmit data in a bus topology Answer: ThinNet
◉ In this topology, all devices on the network can see each other's
data traffic. Answer: Bus topology
◉ Topology whereas each computer must wait for pauses in
transmission or until the transmission from one device is complete
before initiating a new transmission onto the network. Answer: Bus
topology
◉ What are the disadvantages of a bus topology? Answer: "1. Data
can be corrupted if ore than one device on the network transmits at
the same time and will have to be resubmitted.
2. The use of the shared coaxial cable prevents data transmission
from being very bandwidth-efficient."
◉ Which topology is seldomly used in modern networks? Answer:
Bus topology
◉ What is the most common topology used in today's LANs?
Answer: Star topology
, ◉ Topology that uses twisted-pair cables with modular plugs to
connect computers and other networking devices. Answer: Star
topology
◉ Topology whereas each device is connected to a switch or hub
Answer: Star
◉ A switch or hub facilitates the transfer of data between
networking devices in this topology Answer: star
◉ Transmits data to all the devices connected in the star network
Answer: hub
◉ Also called a multiport repeater Answer: hub
◉ Not meant for large networks, but are still used in some smaller,
slower speed LANs Answer: hub
◉ A transmission from a hub in a star network to all the devices in
the network connected to the hub Answer: broadcast
◉ Stores the hardware or physical address for each device
connected to its ports in a star network Answer: switch
2026 CYBERSECURITY PRINCIPLES TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Local Area Network Answer: LAN
◉ How are Local Area Networks defined? Answer: In terms of
protocol and the topology used for accessing the network.
◉ A set of rules established for users to exchange information
Answer: Protocol
◉ The network architecture used to interconnect the networking
equipment. Answer: Topology
◉ What are the most common topologies for LANs? Answer: Ring,
Bus, and Star
◉ Uses a token that is placed in the data channel and circulates
around the ring. Answer: Token Ring topology
◉ A deterministic network Answer: Token Ring Topology
,◉ Each station connected to the network ensures access for
transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time intervals
Answer: Deterministic
◉ What are the disadvantages of the Token Ring system? Answer: 1.
If an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop
circulating.
◉ What is a disadvantage of the Token Ring system from the
troubleshooting and maintenance? Answer: The token ring path
must be temporarily broken or interrupted if a computer or any
device on the network is to be removed or added to the network.
◉ What is a solution to the troubleshooting and maintenance
disadvantages of the Token Ring system? Answer: Connect each
computer or device on the network to a central token ring hub.
◉ A device that manages the passing of the token instead of relying
on individual computers to pass it. Answer: Token ring hub
◉ How does the token ring hub improve the network? Answer: It
improves the reliability of the network.
,◉ Topology whereas the computers share the media or coaxial cable
for data transmission. Answer: Bus topology
◉ The coaxial cable that is looped through each networking device
to transmit data in a bus topology Answer: ThinNet
◉ In this topology, all devices on the network can see each other's
data traffic. Answer: Bus topology
◉ Topology whereas each computer must wait for pauses in
transmission or until the transmission from one device is complete
before initiating a new transmission onto the network. Answer: Bus
topology
◉ What are the disadvantages of a bus topology? Answer: "1. Data
can be corrupted if ore than one device on the network transmits at
the same time and will have to be resubmitted.
2. The use of the shared coaxial cable prevents data transmission
from being very bandwidth-efficient."
◉ Which topology is seldomly used in modern networks? Answer:
Bus topology
◉ What is the most common topology used in today's LANs?
Answer: Star topology
, ◉ Topology that uses twisted-pair cables with modular plugs to
connect computers and other networking devices. Answer: Star
topology
◉ Topology whereas each device is connected to a switch or hub
Answer: Star
◉ A switch or hub facilitates the transfer of data between
networking devices in this topology Answer: star
◉ Transmits data to all the devices connected in the star network
Answer: hub
◉ Also called a multiport repeater Answer: hub
◉ Not meant for large networks, but are still used in some smaller,
slower speed LANs Answer: hub
◉ A transmission from a hub in a star network to all the devices in
the network connected to the hub Answer: broadcast
◉ Stores the hardware or physical address for each device
connected to its ports in a star network Answer: switch
