BIOS255 Exam 2 Study Guide | Anatomy
& Physiology III with Lab | Latest (2026–
2027) Verified Questions & Answers |
Guaranteed Grade A
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart and toward capillaries?
Arteries
Which disorder is characterized by the hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup?
Arteriosclerosis
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke is caused by:
Ischemia of brain tissue due to embolism or hemorrhage
Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of an aneurysm?
Vessel rupture and hemorrhage
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot formation
Which condition is characterized by enlarged, pooling veins, often occurring in the legs?
Varicose veins
Which circulation carries oxygenated blood throughout the body?
Systemic circulation
What is the correct path of blood flow in systemic circulation?
Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Capillaries → Veins → Right atrium
What is the function of hepatic portal circulation?
Maintain homeostasis of blood glucose levels
Which fetal structure allows blood to bypass the lungs before birth?
Foramen ovale
Which vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
Where is blood pressure the highest?
Arteries
What is the primary driving force that causes blood to circulate?
Blood pressure gradient
What is considered a hypertensive blood pressure reading?
140/90 mmHg
Which of the following factors increases blood pressure?
Stronger heart contractions
Which factor contributes to low blood pressure?
Weak heart contractions
What causes the pulse in an artery?
Expansion and recoil of the arterial wall
Which of the following is NOT a major pulse point?
,Pulmonary artery
What is circulatory shock?
Failure of the circulatory system to adequately deliver oxygen to tissues
What type of shock results from severe allergic reactions?
Anaphylactic shock
Which of the following is a cause of hypovolemic shock?
Blood loss
Which layer of an artery is responsible for blood pressure regulation?
Tunica media
Which of the following statements about veins is true?
They have valves to prevent backflow
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Acting as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes, and fluids
What is the function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
It is a thin outer layer of connective tissue that supports the vessel
Which condition results from bacterial toxins in the blood leading to dangerously low blood
pressure?
Septic shock
Which factor helps maintain venous return to the heart?
Skeletal muscle contractions
Which structure prevents blood from flowing backward in veins?
Valves
What is the primary function of pulmonary circulation?
Transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange
What is the role of the vasomotor mechanism in blood flow regulation?
It controls the contraction and relaxation of blood vessel muscles
Which blood vessel has the thinnest walls, allowing for easy exchange of gases and
nutrients?
Capillaries
What is the most serious consequence of an untreated deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Pulmonary embolism
What happens when blood viscosity is abnormally high?
Blood pressure increases
What is the correct sequence of blood flow in pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium
Which hormone plays a major role in regulating blood pressure by controlling fluid
retention?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following conditions is directly related to uncontrolled high blood pressure?
Stroke
Which blood vessel class is the largest and is characterized by having a thick tunica media
dominated by elastic laminae?
Elastic arteries
Which of the following is NOT considered an organ of the lymphatic system?
Pancreas
The lymphatic capillary bed drains fluid directly from where?
, Interstitial fluid
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated but nutrient, rich blood from the intestines to the
liver?
Hepatic portal vein
The majority of venous blood from veins originating above the diaphragm will drain into
which blood vessel before draining into the heart?
Superior vena cava
Lymph from above the diaphragm on the left side, and bilaterally below the diaphragm is
returned to the venous circulation by way of the:
Thoracic duct
A drop of blood is in the axillary vein. What is the next vessel that blood will enter?
Subclavian vein
The circle of Willis, or cerebral anastomosis, ensure blood flow is consistent to the:
Brain
The hepatic portal system transports blood from:
The intestines to the liver
T cells mature where?
thymus
Which of the following factors is NOT important in assuring adequate venous return to the
heart?
All of these factors contribute to venous return
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that affects blood pressure?
Oxygen saturation
What is the main function of the venous valves?
To allow one-way blood flow back to the heart
Which structure in the fetal circulatory system allows blood to bypass the liver?
Ductus venosus
During capillary filtration plasma proteins that remain in the blood due what?
Maintain the colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure of the blood
Blood from the brain is drained by the:
Internal jugular vein
Where do you find red and white pulp in the lymphatic system?
Spleen
Which of the following classes of blood vessels contain the largest proportion of the body's
blood?
Veins
Running would do what physiologically:
Venous return to the heart increases
When capillary filtration exceeds capillary reabsorption beyond normal values, such as
right-side heart failure, the resulting accumulation of interstitial fluid is known as:
Edema
The_________ supplies, the majority of deoxygenated blood to the small intestine and
proximal 2/3 of the large intestine.
Superior mesenteric artery
& Physiology III with Lab | Latest (2026–
2027) Verified Questions & Answers |
Guaranteed Grade A
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart and toward capillaries?
Arteries
Which disorder is characterized by the hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup?
Arteriosclerosis
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke is caused by:
Ischemia of brain tissue due to embolism or hemorrhage
Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of an aneurysm?
Vessel rupture and hemorrhage
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot formation
Which condition is characterized by enlarged, pooling veins, often occurring in the legs?
Varicose veins
Which circulation carries oxygenated blood throughout the body?
Systemic circulation
What is the correct path of blood flow in systemic circulation?
Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Capillaries → Veins → Right atrium
What is the function of hepatic portal circulation?
Maintain homeostasis of blood glucose levels
Which fetal structure allows blood to bypass the lungs before birth?
Foramen ovale
Which vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
Where is blood pressure the highest?
Arteries
What is the primary driving force that causes blood to circulate?
Blood pressure gradient
What is considered a hypertensive blood pressure reading?
140/90 mmHg
Which of the following factors increases blood pressure?
Stronger heart contractions
Which factor contributes to low blood pressure?
Weak heart contractions
What causes the pulse in an artery?
Expansion and recoil of the arterial wall
Which of the following is NOT a major pulse point?
,Pulmonary artery
What is circulatory shock?
Failure of the circulatory system to adequately deliver oxygen to tissues
What type of shock results from severe allergic reactions?
Anaphylactic shock
Which of the following is a cause of hypovolemic shock?
Blood loss
Which layer of an artery is responsible for blood pressure regulation?
Tunica media
Which of the following statements about veins is true?
They have valves to prevent backflow
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Acting as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes, and fluids
What is the function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
It is a thin outer layer of connective tissue that supports the vessel
Which condition results from bacterial toxins in the blood leading to dangerously low blood
pressure?
Septic shock
Which factor helps maintain venous return to the heart?
Skeletal muscle contractions
Which structure prevents blood from flowing backward in veins?
Valves
What is the primary function of pulmonary circulation?
Transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange
What is the role of the vasomotor mechanism in blood flow regulation?
It controls the contraction and relaxation of blood vessel muscles
Which blood vessel has the thinnest walls, allowing for easy exchange of gases and
nutrients?
Capillaries
What is the most serious consequence of an untreated deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Pulmonary embolism
What happens when blood viscosity is abnormally high?
Blood pressure increases
What is the correct sequence of blood flow in pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium
Which hormone plays a major role in regulating blood pressure by controlling fluid
retention?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following conditions is directly related to uncontrolled high blood pressure?
Stroke
Which blood vessel class is the largest and is characterized by having a thick tunica media
dominated by elastic laminae?
Elastic arteries
Which of the following is NOT considered an organ of the lymphatic system?
Pancreas
The lymphatic capillary bed drains fluid directly from where?
, Interstitial fluid
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated but nutrient, rich blood from the intestines to the
liver?
Hepatic portal vein
The majority of venous blood from veins originating above the diaphragm will drain into
which blood vessel before draining into the heart?
Superior vena cava
Lymph from above the diaphragm on the left side, and bilaterally below the diaphragm is
returned to the venous circulation by way of the:
Thoracic duct
A drop of blood is in the axillary vein. What is the next vessel that blood will enter?
Subclavian vein
The circle of Willis, or cerebral anastomosis, ensure blood flow is consistent to the:
Brain
The hepatic portal system transports blood from:
The intestines to the liver
T cells mature where?
thymus
Which of the following factors is NOT important in assuring adequate venous return to the
heart?
All of these factors contribute to venous return
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that affects blood pressure?
Oxygen saturation
What is the main function of the venous valves?
To allow one-way blood flow back to the heart
Which structure in the fetal circulatory system allows blood to bypass the liver?
Ductus venosus
During capillary filtration plasma proteins that remain in the blood due what?
Maintain the colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure of the blood
Blood from the brain is drained by the:
Internal jugular vein
Where do you find red and white pulp in the lymphatic system?
Spleen
Which of the following classes of blood vessels contain the largest proportion of the body's
blood?
Veins
Running would do what physiologically:
Venous return to the heart increases
When capillary filtration exceeds capillary reabsorption beyond normal values, such as
right-side heart failure, the resulting accumulation of interstitial fluid is known as:
Edema
The_________ supplies, the majority of deoxygenated blood to the small intestine and
proximal 2/3 of the large intestine.
Superior mesenteric artery
