NR224 Fundamentals of Nursing
Exam 1
2026/2027
Time Allowed: 90 minutes
Total Questions: 50
Passing Score: 93% (47/50 correct)
Content Coverage: Professional nursing roles, nursing process, safety/QSEN, infection
control, vital signs, health assessment, documentation
,Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Read all options
carefully before selecting.
SECTION 1: PROFESSIONAL NURSING ROLES & SCOPE OF PRACTICE
Q1. A nursing student is preparing for clinical and reviews the state's Nurse Practice Act.
Which statement best describes the purpose of the Nurse Practice Act?
A. To establish standardized curriculum for all nursing programs nationwide
B. To define the legal scope of nursing practice and protect the public
C. To mandate specific nurse-to-patient ratios for all healthcare settings
D. To provide guidelines for nursing salary negotiations and benefits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is state legislation that defines the legal scope of
nursing practice, establishes licensure requirements, and protects the public by ensuring
competent practice (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 4-5). A is incorrect because curriculum
standards are set by accreditation bodies (ACEN, CCNE), not Nurse Practice Acts. C is
incorrect because staffing ratios, when mandated, are typically in separate legislation or
regulations. D is incorrect because salary and benefits are employment matters, not
regulatory functions of the Nurse Practice Act.
Q2. A registered nurse is mentoring a new graduate and explains the difference
between LPN/LVN and RN scope of practice. Which task is appropriate to delegate to an
LPN/LVN under RN supervision?
A. Developing a plan of care for a newly admitted patient with complex needs
B. Performing initial assessment and documentation for a stable post-operative patient
C. Administering IV push medications through a central line
D. Teaching a patient about lifestyle modifications for newly diagnosed diabetes
[CORRECT] B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LPN/LVN scope includes data collection and focused assessments for stable
patients under RN supervision (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 10-11). A is incorrect
because care planning requiring clinical judgment and complex decision-making is RN
, scope. C is incorrect because IV push medications, especially through central lines,
typically exceed LPN/LVN scope in most states. D is incorrect because patient teaching
requiring complex assessment of learning needs and adaptation of teaching strategies is
RN responsibility.
Q3. A nurse is demonstrating clinical judgment when caring for a patient who reports
increased pain. The nurse recognizes that clinical judgment involves which components?
(Select all that apply)
A. Noticing relevant patient information
B. Interpreting the meaning of the information
C. Responding appropriately
D. Reflecting on the effectiveness of interventions
E. Documenting only abnormal findings
[CORRECT] A, B, C, D
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model includes noticing, interpreting,
responding, and reflecting (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 15-16). E is incorrect because
nurses must document all relevant findings, not just abnormal ones; complete
documentation is essential for continuity of care and legal protection.
SECTION 2: NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING (ADPIE)
Q4. A nurse is caring for a patient who fell in the bathroom. Using the nursing process,
which action represents the "Diagnosis" phase?
A. Documenting that the patient has a hematoma on the right hip
B. Identifying "Risk for Injury" related to unsteady gait and orthostatic hypotension
C. Applying a cold pack to the patient's hip and assessing vital signs
D. Evaluating whether the patient's pain has decreased after intervention
[CORRECT] B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diagnosis phase involves analyzing assessment data to identify patient
problems, risks, or health promotion needs (Potter & Perry, Chapter 2, p. 28-29). A
Exam 1
2026/2027
Time Allowed: 90 minutes
Total Questions: 50
Passing Score: 93% (47/50 correct)
Content Coverage: Professional nursing roles, nursing process, safety/QSEN, infection
control, vital signs, health assessment, documentation
,Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Read all options
carefully before selecting.
SECTION 1: PROFESSIONAL NURSING ROLES & SCOPE OF PRACTICE
Q1. A nursing student is preparing for clinical and reviews the state's Nurse Practice Act.
Which statement best describes the purpose of the Nurse Practice Act?
A. To establish standardized curriculum for all nursing programs nationwide
B. To define the legal scope of nursing practice and protect the public
C. To mandate specific nurse-to-patient ratios for all healthcare settings
D. To provide guidelines for nursing salary negotiations and benefits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is state legislation that defines the legal scope of
nursing practice, establishes licensure requirements, and protects the public by ensuring
competent practice (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 4-5). A is incorrect because curriculum
standards are set by accreditation bodies (ACEN, CCNE), not Nurse Practice Acts. C is
incorrect because staffing ratios, when mandated, are typically in separate legislation or
regulations. D is incorrect because salary and benefits are employment matters, not
regulatory functions of the Nurse Practice Act.
Q2. A registered nurse is mentoring a new graduate and explains the difference
between LPN/LVN and RN scope of practice. Which task is appropriate to delegate to an
LPN/LVN under RN supervision?
A. Developing a plan of care for a newly admitted patient with complex needs
B. Performing initial assessment and documentation for a stable post-operative patient
C. Administering IV push medications through a central line
D. Teaching a patient about lifestyle modifications for newly diagnosed diabetes
[CORRECT] B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LPN/LVN scope includes data collection and focused assessments for stable
patients under RN supervision (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 10-11). A is incorrect
because care planning requiring clinical judgment and complex decision-making is RN
, scope. C is incorrect because IV push medications, especially through central lines,
typically exceed LPN/LVN scope in most states. D is incorrect because patient teaching
requiring complex assessment of learning needs and adaptation of teaching strategies is
RN responsibility.
Q3. A nurse is demonstrating clinical judgment when caring for a patient who reports
increased pain. The nurse recognizes that clinical judgment involves which components?
(Select all that apply)
A. Noticing relevant patient information
B. Interpreting the meaning of the information
C. Responding appropriately
D. Reflecting on the effectiveness of interventions
E. Documenting only abnormal findings
[CORRECT] A, B, C, D
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model includes noticing, interpreting,
responding, and reflecting (Potter & Perry, Chapter 1, p. 15-16). E is incorrect because
nurses must document all relevant findings, not just abnormal ones; complete
documentation is essential for continuity of care and legal protection.
SECTION 2: NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING (ADPIE)
Q4. A nurse is caring for a patient who fell in the bathroom. Using the nursing process,
which action represents the "Diagnosis" phase?
A. Documenting that the patient has a hematoma on the right hip
B. Identifying "Risk for Injury" related to unsteady gait and orthostatic hypotension
C. Applying a cold pack to the patient's hip and assessing vital signs
D. Evaluating whether the patient's pain has decreased after intervention
[CORRECT] B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diagnosis phase involves analyzing assessment data to identify patient
problems, risks, or health promotion needs (Potter & Perry, Chapter 2, p. 28-29). A
