NSG 530 Exam 1 Practice Questions & Answers | Latest
Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded A+
1. How does dysplasia differ from typical hyperplasia in terms of cellular growth?
Dysplasia occurs only in cancerous cells, while hyperplasia occurs in healthy cells.
Dysplasia results in cell death, whereas hyperplasia increases cell size.
Dysplasia is a reversible process, while hyperplasia is not.
Dysplasia is characterized by atypical cellular growth, while hyperplasia
involves normal cellular proliferation.
2. Abnormality in X chromosome causes a break which can cause intellectual
disability, learning disability, and short attention span
Klinefelter
Turner syndrome
Fragile X
Down syndrome
3. Describe the role of neutrophils in the early stages of an immune response
following an injury.
Neutrophils are responsible for the regulation of blood pressure.
Neutrophils phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris and secrete
chemicals to recruit other phagocytes.
Neutrophils help in the formation of scar tissue after an injury.
Neutrophils primarily produce antibodies to fight infections.
,4. This is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of higher concentration through a membrane ________.
Diffusion
Dialysis
Osmosis
Filtration
5. Describe how estrogen influences hyperplasia in the lining of the uterus.
Estrogen causes the lining to thin by reducing cell numbers.
Estrogen only affects the muscle cells in the uterus.
Estrogen has no effect on the uterine lining.
Estrogen stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining by increasing cell
proliferation.
6. In a patient with cervical dysplasia, what might a physician expect to observe during
a PAP test?
Increased number of cells with normal morphology.
Abnormal cell size and shape classified as high grade or low grade.
Normal cell structure with no abnormalities.
Presence of necrotic cells without any abnormal growth.
7. Audrey, age 6, has an infected finger and has just been given an antibiotic. Audrey's
mother is very worried because the finger is red and swollen. After a nurse tells her
that these signs will go away as the infection and inflammation resolve, Audrey's
mother says, "Inflammation must be really bad for you! It is so painful." She needs
to know that acute inflammation does what?
, Neutralizes and destroys microorganisms.
Causes serious delays in wound healing.
Results in pain and tissue destruction.
Promotes the spread of bacteria to the other tissue.
8. The description below matches which of the following cells:Defends against
parasites; degrades vasoactive substances released by mast cells eosinophils
neutrophils monocytes lymphocytes
9. Describe how monocytes contribute to the body's defense against
infections.
Monocytes transport oxygen to tissues.
Monocytes help break down bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, playing a
crucial role in the immune response.
Monocytes produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
Monocytes initiate blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
10. Know the generalized functions of Monocytes
B Cells; make antibodies, T Cells; attack foreign cells.
Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris.
Defend against parasitic worm infections
Release histamine, and heparin
Fight bacterial infections
11. In a scenario where a patient has a compromised adaptive immune system, which
type of cells would be most affected?
, Natural killer cells
T and B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
12. What type of immunoglobulin has low concentration in blood; are surface
receptors on developing B lymphocytes?
IgE
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
13. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the water movement
and the cell's volume?
Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.
Water movement will be balanced, keeping the cell's volume unchanged.
Water will not move, and the cell will remain the same size.
14. If a cell fails to replicate its DNA during interphase, what would be the most likely
outcome during mitosis?
The daughter cells would undergo apoptosis.
Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded A+
1. How does dysplasia differ from typical hyperplasia in terms of cellular growth?
Dysplasia occurs only in cancerous cells, while hyperplasia occurs in healthy cells.
Dysplasia results in cell death, whereas hyperplasia increases cell size.
Dysplasia is a reversible process, while hyperplasia is not.
Dysplasia is characterized by atypical cellular growth, while hyperplasia
involves normal cellular proliferation.
2. Abnormality in X chromosome causes a break which can cause intellectual
disability, learning disability, and short attention span
Klinefelter
Turner syndrome
Fragile X
Down syndrome
3. Describe the role of neutrophils in the early stages of an immune response
following an injury.
Neutrophils are responsible for the regulation of blood pressure.
Neutrophils phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris and secrete
chemicals to recruit other phagocytes.
Neutrophils help in the formation of scar tissue after an injury.
Neutrophils primarily produce antibodies to fight infections.
,4. This is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of higher concentration through a membrane ________.
Diffusion
Dialysis
Osmosis
Filtration
5. Describe how estrogen influences hyperplasia in the lining of the uterus.
Estrogen causes the lining to thin by reducing cell numbers.
Estrogen only affects the muscle cells in the uterus.
Estrogen has no effect on the uterine lining.
Estrogen stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining by increasing cell
proliferation.
6. In a patient with cervical dysplasia, what might a physician expect to observe during
a PAP test?
Increased number of cells with normal morphology.
Abnormal cell size and shape classified as high grade or low grade.
Normal cell structure with no abnormalities.
Presence of necrotic cells without any abnormal growth.
7. Audrey, age 6, has an infected finger and has just been given an antibiotic. Audrey's
mother is very worried because the finger is red and swollen. After a nurse tells her
that these signs will go away as the infection and inflammation resolve, Audrey's
mother says, "Inflammation must be really bad for you! It is so painful." She needs
to know that acute inflammation does what?
, Neutralizes and destroys microorganisms.
Causes serious delays in wound healing.
Results in pain and tissue destruction.
Promotes the spread of bacteria to the other tissue.
8. The description below matches which of the following cells:Defends against
parasites; degrades vasoactive substances released by mast cells eosinophils
neutrophils monocytes lymphocytes
9. Describe how monocytes contribute to the body's defense against
infections.
Monocytes transport oxygen to tissues.
Monocytes help break down bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, playing a
crucial role in the immune response.
Monocytes produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
Monocytes initiate blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
10. Know the generalized functions of Monocytes
B Cells; make antibodies, T Cells; attack foreign cells.
Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris.
Defend against parasitic worm infections
Release histamine, and heparin
Fight bacterial infections
11. In a scenario where a patient has a compromised adaptive immune system, which
type of cells would be most affected?
, Natural killer cells
T and B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
12. What type of immunoglobulin has low concentration in blood; are surface
receptors on developing B lymphocytes?
IgE
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
13. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the water movement
and the cell's volume?
Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.
Water movement will be balanced, keeping the cell's volume unchanged.
Water will not move, and the cell will remain the same size.
14. If a cell fails to replicate its DNA during interphase, what would be the most likely
outcome during mitosis?
The daughter cells would undergo apoptosis.
