1
EBP 2 Quiz2: Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Increase the validity of research findings
© 2026 Assignment
Provide valuable evidence to assist practitioners in making
decisions that best suits the needs of the patients Ans:
Research that is well designed can
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Expert
Raise questions on the credibility of those findings
Be useless or sometimes harmful to patients (when
incorporated into evidence-based practice) Ans: Research
with a flawed design could
Reflects the accuracy of study results Ans: Research Design
Validity
Reflects the extent to which clinical outcome of interest
(dependent variable) in a study is caused by the treatment
(independent variable) Ans: Internal validity
Refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be
generalized to other settings Ans: External validity
Cause and effect relationship or causality exists if there is a
causal relationship between the treatment (cause) and clinical
outcome (effect) Ans: Causality
, 2
The researcher merely observes the interplay of independent
variables (drug exposure) with the dependent variable
(outcome of interest)
The variations in exposure and outcomes are observed to
evaluate their relationship or association Ans: Observational
designs
The researcher controls the treatment (independent variable)
that is likely to have an impact on clinical
© 2026 Assignment
Other criteria for causality such as temporality, strength,
biological gradient, etc. can be achieved in Ans: Experimental
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designs
Expert
Describe or summarize information about the disease or
events without making any causal inferences Ans: Descriptive
studies
Aimed at understanding the relationship and/or causal
mechanism that may exist between two or more variables Ans:
Analytical studies
Researcher collects the data after the study onset by following
individuals over a period of time
Allows researchers to determine and define the research
variables and prospectively collect relevant data to achieve the
objectives
It is resource intensive (Takes a long time, costly) Ans:
Prospective studies
Involve evaluation of data of past events or existing data such
as medical records to achieve the research objective
, 3
The event of interest has already occurred, and researchers go
backwards in time to determine the relationship between cause
and event
Minimally resource intensive as it only involves analysis of
existing data or past events
Researchers cannot control past events or data collection
methods. They have to rely on existing data or previous events
without any say on what variables are needed and how they
are defined and collected Ans: Retrospective studies
© 2026 Assignment
Are those where the researcher controls the treatment Ans:
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Intervention studies
Expert
If the intervention involves randomization, it is considered as
Ans: Experimental
If there is no randomization in provision of treatment, it is
called Ans: Quasi-experimental
Randomized clinical trial (RCT) Ans: The most commonly
used experimental design
Randomization of study participants to interventional and
control groups. Always prospective Ans: Randomized clinical
trial (RCT)
A study of a single case of a new disease or manifestation
Ans: Case report
A study of multiple similar cases Ans: Case series
Studies wherein the exposure and outcome of interest are
measured at the same point in time.
EBP 2 Quiz2: Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Increase the validity of research findings
© 2026 Assignment
Provide valuable evidence to assist practitioners in making
decisions that best suits the needs of the patients Ans:
Research that is well designed can
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Raise questions on the credibility of those findings
Be useless or sometimes harmful to patients (when
incorporated into evidence-based practice) Ans: Research
with a flawed design could
Reflects the accuracy of study results Ans: Research Design
Validity
Reflects the extent to which clinical outcome of interest
(dependent variable) in a study is caused by the treatment
(independent variable) Ans: Internal validity
Refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be
generalized to other settings Ans: External validity
Cause and effect relationship or causality exists if there is a
causal relationship between the treatment (cause) and clinical
outcome (effect) Ans: Causality
, 2
The researcher merely observes the interplay of independent
variables (drug exposure) with the dependent variable
(outcome of interest)
The variations in exposure and outcomes are observed to
evaluate their relationship or association Ans: Observational
designs
The researcher controls the treatment (independent variable)
that is likely to have an impact on clinical
© 2026 Assignment
Other criteria for causality such as temporality, strength,
biological gradient, etc. can be achieved in Ans: Experimental
Guru01 - Stuvia
designs
Expert
Describe or summarize information about the disease or
events without making any causal inferences Ans: Descriptive
studies
Aimed at understanding the relationship and/or causal
mechanism that may exist between two or more variables Ans:
Analytical studies
Researcher collects the data after the study onset by following
individuals over a period of time
Allows researchers to determine and define the research
variables and prospectively collect relevant data to achieve the
objectives
It is resource intensive (Takes a long time, costly) Ans:
Prospective studies
Involve evaluation of data of past events or existing data such
as medical records to achieve the research objective
, 3
The event of interest has already occurred, and researchers go
backwards in time to determine the relationship between cause
and event
Minimally resource intensive as it only involves analysis of
existing data or past events
Researchers cannot control past events or data collection
methods. They have to rely on existing data or previous events
without any say on what variables are needed and how they
are defined and collected Ans: Retrospective studies
© 2026 Assignment
Are those where the researcher controls the treatment Ans:
Guru01 - Stuvia
Intervention studies
Expert
If the intervention involves randomization, it is considered as
Ans: Experimental
If there is no randomization in provision of treatment, it is
called Ans: Quasi-experimental
Randomized clinical trial (RCT) Ans: The most commonly
used experimental design
Randomization of study participants to interventional and
control groups. Always prospective Ans: Randomized clinical
trial (RCT)
A study of a single case of a new disease or manifestation
Ans: Case report
A study of multiple similar cases Ans: Case series
Studies wherein the exposure and outcome of interest are
measured at the same point in time.
