1
EBP Final Review (Complete)
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
What are two broad types of published studies Ans:
Descriptive, explanatory
© 2026 Assignment
Outcomes are observed but not compared between any group
of patients Ans: Descriptive studies
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Expert
Description of a series of patients e.g., description of
outcomes in a series of patients who have received similar
drug treatment Ans: Case series
Group comparison is used as the basis for determining
whether an exposure or treatment allocation might cause or
affect an outcome Ans: Explanatory/analytical studies
Are considered actual "studies" Ans: Explanatory/analytical
studies
Randomized control trials, RCTs Ans: Experimental studies
These studies involve actual intervention by the investigators
Ans: Experimental studies
Cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys Ans:
Observational studies
Types of experimental studies Ans: Controlled, uncontrolled
, 2
They are the gold standard and the best Ans: Controlled
experimental studies
They are used to determine therapeutic efficacy for FDA drug
approval Ans: Controlled experimental studies
Can the drug work in ideal/controlled conditions? Ans:
Efficacy
Does the drug work in real-world clinical environment? Ans:
© 2026 Assignment
Effectiveness
Types of control groups Ans: Placebo, active control, no
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treatment
Expert
A substance that has no therapeutic effect Ans: Placebo
Use of another treatment with established efficacy for the
condition studied Ans: Active control
The treatment or intervention is withheld from the control
group, difficult to blind Ans: No treatment
Helps account for factors (other than the treatment) that might
affect the study results Ans: Advantage of using a control
group
Studies where the treatment (or intervention or exposure) were
not given (administered) to the subjects by the study
investigators (Subjects were already taking the drugs and were
observed for outcomes) Ans: Observational studies
Can establish causality Ans: Experimental studies
Cannot establish causality Ans: Observational studies
, 3
Types of observational studies Ans: Cohort, case-control,
cross-sectional (e.g., surveys)
Not possible, feasible, or ethical to use an experimental design
Ans: When to use observational studies
Outcome of interest is a rare disease or when it will take a long
time to develop Ans: When to use observational studies
Follow a group over time to determine if a drug or other
© 2026 Assignment
exposure will lead to the development of an outcome of
interest Ans: Cohort studies
Guru01 - Stuvia
Group of subjects who share a common characteristics Ans:
Expert
Cohort
Types of cohort study design Ans: Prospective, retrospective
Patients are followed up from the present into the future,
outcomes can only happen in the future (after exposure) Ans:
Prospective cohort study
Outcomes had happened in the past (outcomes already exists
within the medical records or database) and are then collected
and analyzed in the present Ans: Retrospective cohort study
Study subjects who are already taking the drug or exposure of
interest Ans: The 'exposed'
Group who are not taking the drug or exposure of interest but
who are otherwise similar to the study subjects Ans: The
'unexposed'
'Exposed' with disease/'Exposed' Divided by 'Unexposed' with
disease/'Unexposed' Ans: Relative risk (RR)
EBP Final Review (Complete)
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
What are two broad types of published studies Ans:
Descriptive, explanatory
© 2026 Assignment
Outcomes are observed but not compared between any group
of patients Ans: Descriptive studies
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Description of a series of patients e.g., description of
outcomes in a series of patients who have received similar
drug treatment Ans: Case series
Group comparison is used as the basis for determining
whether an exposure or treatment allocation might cause or
affect an outcome Ans: Explanatory/analytical studies
Are considered actual "studies" Ans: Explanatory/analytical
studies
Randomized control trials, RCTs Ans: Experimental studies
These studies involve actual intervention by the investigators
Ans: Experimental studies
Cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys Ans:
Observational studies
Types of experimental studies Ans: Controlled, uncontrolled
, 2
They are the gold standard and the best Ans: Controlled
experimental studies
They are used to determine therapeutic efficacy for FDA drug
approval Ans: Controlled experimental studies
Can the drug work in ideal/controlled conditions? Ans:
Efficacy
Does the drug work in real-world clinical environment? Ans:
© 2026 Assignment
Effectiveness
Types of control groups Ans: Placebo, active control, no
Guru01 - Stuvia
treatment
Expert
A substance that has no therapeutic effect Ans: Placebo
Use of another treatment with established efficacy for the
condition studied Ans: Active control
The treatment or intervention is withheld from the control
group, difficult to blind Ans: No treatment
Helps account for factors (other than the treatment) that might
affect the study results Ans: Advantage of using a control
group
Studies where the treatment (or intervention or exposure) were
not given (administered) to the subjects by the study
investigators (Subjects were already taking the drugs and were
observed for outcomes) Ans: Observational studies
Can establish causality Ans: Experimental studies
Cannot establish causality Ans: Observational studies
, 3
Types of observational studies Ans: Cohort, case-control,
cross-sectional (e.g., surveys)
Not possible, feasible, or ethical to use an experimental design
Ans: When to use observational studies
Outcome of interest is a rare disease or when it will take a long
time to develop Ans: When to use observational studies
Follow a group over time to determine if a drug or other
© 2026 Assignment
exposure will lead to the development of an outcome of
interest Ans: Cohort studies
Guru01 - Stuvia
Group of subjects who share a common characteristics Ans:
Expert
Cohort
Types of cohort study design Ans: Prospective, retrospective
Patients are followed up from the present into the future,
outcomes can only happen in the future (after exposure) Ans:
Prospective cohort study
Outcomes had happened in the past (outcomes already exists
within the medical records or database) and are then collected
and analyzed in the present Ans: Retrospective cohort study
Study subjects who are already taking the drug or exposure of
interest Ans: The 'exposed'
Group who are not taking the drug or exposure of interest but
who are otherwise similar to the study subjects Ans: The
'unexposed'
'Exposed' with disease/'Exposed' Divided by 'Unexposed' with
disease/'Unexposed' Ans: Relative risk (RR)
