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ANATOMY 3 STUDY GUIDE (exam 3)
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Physical barriers – first line of defense Ans: o Skin: tough
outer barrier due to keratin in the skin
© 2026 Assignment
o Mucous membranes- protect digestive, respiratory, urinary,
and reproductive tracts as they are open to the exterior
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Chemical Barriers Ans: Lysozyme: an enzyme found in
mucus, tears, and saliva that destroys bacterial cell walls
Stomach acid: contains low pH that inhibits pathogen growth
and reproduction
Sebum: keeps skin pliable, reducing chances of tear and
abrasion
Perspiration: contains a high level of salt in swear that inhibits
pathogen growth
Flushing helps remove microbes (saliva, tears, urine)
NK (Natural Killer) cells Ans: -Recognition and attachment
= Secretion of perforins and granzymes
- Lysis and detachment
, 2
Antimicrobial proteins Ans: Interferons – released by virally-
infected cells to warn neighbors of potential for infection and
prevent spread. No benefit to the cell that secretes them.
Warned neighboring cells can defend against virus and inhibit
virus replication
Activates NK cells and macrophages to kill infected cells
Complement – group of inactive proteins in blood plasma,
cascade of proteins join to form a membrane attach complex
that lyses the membrane of the pathogen.
© 2026 Assignment
Antibodies from immune system that are bound to pathogen,
Guru01 - Stuvia
this marks the pathogen for destruction- OPSONIZATION
Expert
(classical pathway).
Results in: inflammation, phagocytosis, cytolysis
Fever (pyrexia): abnormal elevation of body temperature
Inflammation - local, innate response to infection or tissue
injuries triggered by inflammatory chemicals; the four cardinal
signs
Antibodies: proteins produced in response to a specific
antigen
• Will only bind one specific antigen
• Two heavy chains and two light chains
they are? Ans: Variable (V) region: specific. Antigen-binding
site: binds to the epitope of an antigen
Constant (C) region: Always the same. Determines antibody
class, (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM)
ANATOMY 3 STUDY GUIDE (exam 3)
Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Physical barriers – first line of defense Ans: o Skin: tough
outer barrier due to keratin in the skin
© 2026 Assignment
o Mucous membranes- protect digestive, respiratory, urinary,
and reproductive tracts as they are open to the exterior
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Chemical Barriers Ans: Lysozyme: an enzyme found in
mucus, tears, and saliva that destroys bacterial cell walls
Stomach acid: contains low pH that inhibits pathogen growth
and reproduction
Sebum: keeps skin pliable, reducing chances of tear and
abrasion
Perspiration: contains a high level of salt in swear that inhibits
pathogen growth
Flushing helps remove microbes (saliva, tears, urine)
NK (Natural Killer) cells Ans: -Recognition and attachment
= Secretion of perforins and granzymes
- Lysis and detachment
, 2
Antimicrobial proteins Ans: Interferons – released by virally-
infected cells to warn neighbors of potential for infection and
prevent spread. No benefit to the cell that secretes them.
Warned neighboring cells can defend against virus and inhibit
virus replication
Activates NK cells and macrophages to kill infected cells
Complement – group of inactive proteins in blood plasma,
cascade of proteins join to form a membrane attach complex
that lyses the membrane of the pathogen.
© 2026 Assignment
Antibodies from immune system that are bound to pathogen,
Guru01 - Stuvia
this marks the pathogen for destruction- OPSONIZATION
Expert
(classical pathway).
Results in: inflammation, phagocytosis, cytolysis
Fever (pyrexia): abnormal elevation of body temperature
Inflammation - local, innate response to infection or tissue
injuries triggered by inflammatory chemicals; the four cardinal
signs
Antibodies: proteins produced in response to a specific
antigen
• Will only bind one specific antigen
• Two heavy chains and two light chains
they are? Ans: Variable (V) region: specific. Antigen-binding
site: binds to the epitope of an antigen
Constant (C) region: Always the same. Determines antibody
class, (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM)
