BIO 411 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 (GRADED A+)
GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
What are the four major types of biomolecules? - ANSWER Nucleic acids,
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids
How are lipids different from the other 3 types of molecules? - ANSWER They
are hydrophobic, share a property rather than a structure
List the biological functions of nucleic acids. - ANSWER Encode genetic
information
energy exchange ATP & GTP
metabolic regulation
catalytic (some)
List the biological functions of lipids. - ANSWER Structural- membranes
energy storage & insulation- fats Vitamins- A, D, E, K
steroid hormones and eicosanoids
Define hypothesis. - ANSWER a tentative explanation of observations
List the biological functions of carbohydrates. - ANSWER Energy cycle in the
biosphere
structural: cellulose in woody plants, exoskeletons in insects
molecular recognition
Describe the Scientific Method. - ANSWER A system where observations lead
to a hypothesis which then leads to an experiement yielding results that either
support or don't support the hypothesis, which in return leads to a different or
modified hypothesis
What are the possible outcomes of an experiment (relative to the hyposthesis)? -
ANSWER Supported and results are consistent after many trials, it is considered
a theory.
Disproven- the hypothesis must be rejected and a new one constructed
, What are the four characteristics of life? - ANSWER Complexity
Change and respond to environment
Reproduction
Evolution
What characteristics do the living and nonliving world share? - ANSWER Both
are made of chemical elements
Both obey the laws of chemistry and physics
What is thermodynamics? - ANSWER The study of energy and its
transformations What are
covalent
bonds? - ANSWER When two atoms share a pair of e-
What polar covalent bonds and nonpolar bonds? Use electronegativity in your
definition. - ANSWER Polar covalent bonds- occur when there is unequal
sharing of e-, due to the electronegativity of the atoms
Nonpolar bonds- occur when there is equal sharing of e-
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER When a hydrogen atom and an
electronegative atom interact
What are ionic bonds? - ANSWER Formed between two oppositely charged
ions
Know the chemical structure of water. - ANSWER ...
Define hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphipathic (use polar /non-polar in your
definitions). - ANSWER Hydrophilic- water-loving, tend to dissolve in water,
polar
Hydrophobic- water-fearing, dont dissolve in water, nonpolar
Amphipathic- molecules that contain one or more hydrophilic and hydrophobic
region
Understand the hydrophobic effect. - ANSWER Eventually a micelle will form
All hydrophobic groups are sequestered from water
Ordered shell of H2O is minimized
Entropy is further increased
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 (GRADED A+)
GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
What are the four major types of biomolecules? - ANSWER Nucleic acids,
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids
How are lipids different from the other 3 types of molecules? - ANSWER They
are hydrophobic, share a property rather than a structure
List the biological functions of nucleic acids. - ANSWER Encode genetic
information
energy exchange ATP & GTP
metabolic regulation
catalytic (some)
List the biological functions of lipids. - ANSWER Structural- membranes
energy storage & insulation- fats Vitamins- A, D, E, K
steroid hormones and eicosanoids
Define hypothesis. - ANSWER a tentative explanation of observations
List the biological functions of carbohydrates. - ANSWER Energy cycle in the
biosphere
structural: cellulose in woody plants, exoskeletons in insects
molecular recognition
Describe the Scientific Method. - ANSWER A system where observations lead
to a hypothesis which then leads to an experiement yielding results that either
support or don't support the hypothesis, which in return leads to a different or
modified hypothesis
What are the possible outcomes of an experiment (relative to the hyposthesis)? -
ANSWER Supported and results are consistent after many trials, it is considered
a theory.
Disproven- the hypothesis must be rejected and a new one constructed
, What are the four characteristics of life? - ANSWER Complexity
Change and respond to environment
Reproduction
Evolution
What characteristics do the living and nonliving world share? - ANSWER Both
are made of chemical elements
Both obey the laws of chemistry and physics
What is thermodynamics? - ANSWER The study of energy and its
transformations What are
covalent
bonds? - ANSWER When two atoms share a pair of e-
What polar covalent bonds and nonpolar bonds? Use electronegativity in your
definition. - ANSWER Polar covalent bonds- occur when there is unequal
sharing of e-, due to the electronegativity of the atoms
Nonpolar bonds- occur when there is equal sharing of e-
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER When a hydrogen atom and an
electronegative atom interact
What are ionic bonds? - ANSWER Formed between two oppositely charged
ions
Know the chemical structure of water. - ANSWER ...
Define hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphipathic (use polar /non-polar in your
definitions). - ANSWER Hydrophilic- water-loving, tend to dissolve in water,
polar
Hydrophobic- water-fearing, dont dissolve in water, nonpolar
Amphipathic- molecules that contain one or more hydrophilic and hydrophobic
region
Understand the hydrophobic effect. - ANSWER Eventually a micelle will form
All hydrophobic groups are sequestered from water
Ordered shell of H2O is minimized
Entropy is further increased
