1
Bio411 exam 2 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Citric Acid cycle Answer: Series of reactions that breaks down pyruvate
into CO2
Pyruvate oxidation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
Acetyl CoA Answer: 2-carbon molecule that enters the citric acid cycle
Oxaloacetate Answer: 4-carbon molecule that reacts with acetyl-CoA to
start the citric acid cycle
Electron carriers Answer: Molecules that transport electrons during
cellular respiration
Negative delta G Answer: Indicates an endergonic reaction
Positive delta G Answer: Indicates an exergonic reaction
Electron transport chain Answer: Series of protein complexes that
transfer electrons and protons
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,2
Oxidative Phosphorylation Answer: Process that couples electron
transport to ATP synthesis
Chemiosmosis Answer: Use of proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis
Proton motive force Answer: Energy stored in a H+ gradient across a
membrane
ATP synthase Answer: Protein complex that uses H+ flow to generate
ATP
An accounting of ATP production by Cellular Respiration Answer:
Glucose -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> proton-motive force -
> ATP
Fermentation Answer: Partial degradation of sugars without oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration Answer: ATP production without oxygen using
an electron transport chain
Alcohol fermentation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
Lactic acid fermentation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to lactate
Glycolysis Answer: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
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, 3
Glycolysis in the Absence of Oxygen Answer: Pyruvate fermentation
into lactate or ethanol
Allosteric Activation Answer: Binding of a molecule to activate enzyme
activity
Allosteric Inhibition Answer: Binding of a molecule to inhibit enzyme
activity
Feedback Inhibition Answer: End product of a pathway shuts down the
pathway
Catabolic Pathways Answer: Breakdown of complex molecules to
release energy
Anabolic Pathways Answer: Build complex molecules from simpler ones
Kinetic Energy Answer: Energy associated with motion
Thermal Energy Answer: Kinetic energy associated with random
movement of atoms or molecules
Potential Energy Answer: Energy that matter possesses due to its
location or structure
© 2025 All rights reserved
Bio411 exam 2 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Citric Acid cycle Answer: Series of reactions that breaks down pyruvate
into CO2
Pyruvate oxidation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
Acetyl CoA Answer: 2-carbon molecule that enters the citric acid cycle
Oxaloacetate Answer: 4-carbon molecule that reacts with acetyl-CoA to
start the citric acid cycle
Electron carriers Answer: Molecules that transport electrons during
cellular respiration
Negative delta G Answer: Indicates an endergonic reaction
Positive delta G Answer: Indicates an exergonic reaction
Electron transport chain Answer: Series of protein complexes that
transfer electrons and protons
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
Oxidative Phosphorylation Answer: Process that couples electron
transport to ATP synthesis
Chemiosmosis Answer: Use of proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis
Proton motive force Answer: Energy stored in a H+ gradient across a
membrane
ATP synthase Answer: Protein complex that uses H+ flow to generate
ATP
An accounting of ATP production by Cellular Respiration Answer:
Glucose -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> proton-motive force -
> ATP
Fermentation Answer: Partial degradation of sugars without oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration Answer: ATP production without oxygen using
an electron transport chain
Alcohol fermentation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
Lactic acid fermentation Answer: Conversion of pyruvate to lactate
Glycolysis Answer: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3
Glycolysis in the Absence of Oxygen Answer: Pyruvate fermentation
into lactate or ethanol
Allosteric Activation Answer: Binding of a molecule to activate enzyme
activity
Allosteric Inhibition Answer: Binding of a molecule to inhibit enzyme
activity
Feedback Inhibition Answer: End product of a pathway shuts down the
pathway
Catabolic Pathways Answer: Breakdown of complex molecules to
release energy
Anabolic Pathways Answer: Build complex molecules from simpler ones
Kinetic Energy Answer: Energy associated with motion
Thermal Energy Answer: Kinetic energy associated with random
movement of atoms or molecules
Potential Energy Answer: Energy that matter possesses due to its
location or structure
© 2025 All rights reserved
