AP Euro - Unit 8 Exam Questions and Verified Answers/Accurate Solutions|
Already Graded A+
World War I (1914 - 1918) European war in which an alliance including Great Britain, France,
Russia, Italy, and the United States defeated the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
and Bulgaria.
Total War A war in which distinctions between the soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at
home are blurred, and where the government plans and controls economic and social life in
order to supply the armies at the front with supplies and weapons.
Triple Alliance The alliance of Austria, Germany, and Italy. Italy left the alliance when war
broke out in 1914 on the grounds that Austria had launched a war of aggression.
Schlieffen Plan Failed German plan calling for a lightning attack through neutral Belgium and
a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia.
Triple Entente The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia prior to and during the First
World War.
Trench Warfare A type of fighting used in World War I behind rows of trenches, mines, and
barbed wire; the cost in lives was staggering and the gains in territory minimal.
Armenian Genocide (1915) Some welcome the Russians as liberators. Muslim Ottoman
government orders a genocidal mass deportation of Armenians- 1.5 million died from murder,
starvation and disease.
Russian Revolution (1905) Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's
defeat at the hands of Japan; the revolution was suppressed, but it forced the government to
make substantial reforms.
, Russian Revolution (1917) The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia which
dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire
collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a
provisional government during the first revolution of February (March in the Gregorian
calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). Alongside it arose
grassroots community assemblies (called 'Soviets') which contended for authority. In the
second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was
given to the Soviets.
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile
in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the
Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) A leader who had planned the 1917 takeover and formed the Red
Army. Socialism in the Soviet Union could only succeed if revolution quickly spread throughout
Europe. Defeated by Stalin, who eventually killed him and rose to power.
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) After Lenin died in 1924, he defeated Trotsky to gain power in the
U.S.S.R. He created consecutive Five Year Plans to expand heavy industry. He tried to crush all
opposition and ruled as the absolute dictator of the U.S.S.R. until his death.
Petrograd Soviet A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers,
soldiers, and socialist intellectuals modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905.
Bolsheviks Lenin's radical, revolutionary arm of the Russian party of Marxist socialism, which
successfully installed a dictatorial socialist regime in Russia.
Mensheviks The party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started in 1903 by Martov, after
dispute with Lenin. The Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.
War Communism The application of centralized state control during the Russian civil war, in
which the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks
and industry, and required everyone to work.
Already Graded A+
World War I (1914 - 1918) European war in which an alliance including Great Britain, France,
Russia, Italy, and the United States defeated the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
and Bulgaria.
Total War A war in which distinctions between the soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at
home are blurred, and where the government plans and controls economic and social life in
order to supply the armies at the front with supplies and weapons.
Triple Alliance The alliance of Austria, Germany, and Italy. Italy left the alliance when war
broke out in 1914 on the grounds that Austria had launched a war of aggression.
Schlieffen Plan Failed German plan calling for a lightning attack through neutral Belgium and
a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia.
Triple Entente The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia prior to and during the First
World War.
Trench Warfare A type of fighting used in World War I behind rows of trenches, mines, and
barbed wire; the cost in lives was staggering and the gains in territory minimal.
Armenian Genocide (1915) Some welcome the Russians as liberators. Muslim Ottoman
government orders a genocidal mass deportation of Armenians- 1.5 million died from murder,
starvation and disease.
Russian Revolution (1905) Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's
defeat at the hands of Japan; the revolution was suppressed, but it forced the government to
make substantial reforms.
, Russian Revolution (1917) The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia which
dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire
collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a
provisional government during the first revolution of February (March in the Gregorian
calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). Alongside it arose
grassroots community assemblies (called 'Soviets') which contended for authority. In the
second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was
given to the Soviets.
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile
in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the
Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) A leader who had planned the 1917 takeover and formed the Red
Army. Socialism in the Soviet Union could only succeed if revolution quickly spread throughout
Europe. Defeated by Stalin, who eventually killed him and rose to power.
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) After Lenin died in 1924, he defeated Trotsky to gain power in the
U.S.S.R. He created consecutive Five Year Plans to expand heavy industry. He tried to crush all
opposition and ruled as the absolute dictator of the U.S.S.R. until his death.
Petrograd Soviet A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers,
soldiers, and socialist intellectuals modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905.
Bolsheviks Lenin's radical, revolutionary arm of the Russian party of Marxist socialism, which
successfully installed a dictatorial socialist regime in Russia.
Mensheviks The party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started in 1903 by Martov, after
dispute with Lenin. The Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.
War Communism The application of centralized state control during the Russian civil war, in
which the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks
and industry, and required everyone to work.
