PATHO 370 Midterm Exam Version B Newest 2025 Exam 300 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
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A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a tracheal shift should be evaluated for:
-pneumonia
-pneumothorax
-pulmonary edema
-pulmonary embolus - ANSWER-PNEUMOTHROAX
Pneumothorax leads to a tracheal shift to the side opposite the pneumothorax. Pneumonia, pulmonary
edema, and pulmonary embolus do not lead to tracheal shift.
Which pulmonary function test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma?
-reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
-decreased functional residual capacity
-increased FEV1
-reduced total lung volume - ANSWER-REDUCED FORCED EXPIRATORY VOL IN 1 SEC (FEV1)
Forced expiratory volumes (FEV1) decrease during asthma attacks. Functional residual capacity is not
used to diagnose asthma. Reduced (not increased) FEV1 is found in asthma. Total lung volume is not
used to diagnose asthma.
The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is:
-poor diastolic filling
-reduced cardiac output
,-pulmonary edema
-tissue ischemia - ANSWER-REDUCED CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
The common manifestation of all forms of heart failure is the failure of the heart to pump blood
adequately. The clinical presentation may differ depending on which ventricle fails (left or right, or both).
Poor diastolic filling is not seen in all forms of heart failure. Pulmonary edema is seen in left-sided failure.
Tissue ischemia is directly related to myocardial infarction, which may induce heart failure.
Pulse pressure is defined as:
-two-thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure + diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure × systemic resistance - ANSWER-SYSTOLIC PRESSURE - DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse pressure
is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Pulse pressure is not the sum of the systolic and
diastolic pressures. Systemic resistance is not involved in determining the pulse pressure.
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by:
-excess proteins
-renal damage
-deficiency of ATP
-hypocalcemia - ANSWER-DEFICIENCY OF ATP
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by a deficiency of ATP.
Phosphate is an important component of ATP, which is the major source of energy for many cellular
substances. Severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia does not cause excess protein accumulation,
damage the kidneys, or cause hypocalcemia.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is:
,-volume expansion with saline
-measured to improve oxygenation
-phlebotomy
-chemotherapy - ANSWER-MEASURED TO IMPROVE OXYGENATION
Secondary polycythemia is because of chronic hypoxemia with a resultant increase in erythropoietin
production. The goal of treatment is aimed at measures to reduce hypoxemia and improve oxygenation
by implementing oxygen therapy. IV fluids may be used to treat relative polycythemia, because it is
related to dehydration. Phlebotomy or increases in laboratory studies do not have an effect on
secondary polycythemia. Polycythemia is not treated with chemotherapeutic agents.
A patient with flail chest will demonstrate:
-absence of chest movement with breaths
-no inspiratory breath sounds
-fluttering chest movements on expirations
-outward chest movement on expiration - ANSWER-OUTWARD CHEST MOVEMENT ON EXPIRATION
Flail chest is demonstrated by paradoxical inward movement on inspiration and outward movement on
expiration. Flail chest is not demonstrated by absence of chest movement with breaths, no inspiratory
breath sounds, or fluttering chest movements on expiration.
Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?
-fiffuse interstitial lung disease
-hypersensitivity pneumonitis
-sarcoidosis
-acute respiratory distress syndrome - ANSWER-HYPERSENSIVITITY PNEUMONITIS
, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhalation of organic substances that produces an
inflammatory immunologic reaction. Diffuse interstitial lung disease is probably related to an immune
reaction but not from inhalation of organic substances. Sarcoidosis likely has an immunologic basis, but
not from inhalation of organic substances. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with severe
trauma, sepsis, and shock.
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by:
-hyperventilation
-massive blood transfusion
-tissue hypoxia
-hypoventilation - ANSWER-HYPOVENTILATION
Hypoventilation causes carbonic acid retention and respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation causes
excretion of too much carbonic acid and respiratory alkalosis. The liver metabolizes the citrate in
transfused blood into bicarbonate. Tissue hypoxia causes lactic acid production during anaerobic
metabolism and metabolic acidosis.
A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by:
-increased total lung capacity
-decreased residual volume
-inspiratory wheezing
-expiratory wheezing - ANSWER-DEC RESIDUAL VOL
Restrictive respiratory disorders are characterized by decreased residual volume. Restrictive respiratory
disorders are not characterized by increased residual volume. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing are
not characteristic of restrictive respiratory disorder.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the:
-release of rennin
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A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a tracheal shift should be evaluated for:
-pneumonia
-pneumothorax
-pulmonary edema
-pulmonary embolus - ANSWER-PNEUMOTHROAX
Pneumothorax leads to a tracheal shift to the side opposite the pneumothorax. Pneumonia, pulmonary
edema, and pulmonary embolus do not lead to tracheal shift.
Which pulmonary function test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma?
-reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
-decreased functional residual capacity
-increased FEV1
-reduced total lung volume - ANSWER-REDUCED FORCED EXPIRATORY VOL IN 1 SEC (FEV1)
Forced expiratory volumes (FEV1) decrease during asthma attacks. Functional residual capacity is not
used to diagnose asthma. Reduced (not increased) FEV1 is found in asthma. Total lung volume is not
used to diagnose asthma.
The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is:
-poor diastolic filling
-reduced cardiac output
,-pulmonary edema
-tissue ischemia - ANSWER-REDUCED CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
The common manifestation of all forms of heart failure is the failure of the heart to pump blood
adequately. The clinical presentation may differ depending on which ventricle fails (left or right, or both).
Poor diastolic filling is not seen in all forms of heart failure. Pulmonary edema is seen in left-sided failure.
Tissue ischemia is directly related to myocardial infarction, which may induce heart failure.
Pulse pressure is defined as:
-two-thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure + diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
-systolic pressure × systemic resistance - ANSWER-SYSTOLIC PRESSURE - DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse pressure
is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Pulse pressure is not the sum of the systolic and
diastolic pressures. Systemic resistance is not involved in determining the pulse pressure.
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by:
-excess proteins
-renal damage
-deficiency of ATP
-hypocalcemia - ANSWER-DEFICIENCY OF ATP
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by a deficiency of ATP.
Phosphate is an important component of ATP, which is the major source of energy for many cellular
substances. Severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia does not cause excess protein accumulation,
damage the kidneys, or cause hypocalcemia.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is:
,-volume expansion with saline
-measured to improve oxygenation
-phlebotomy
-chemotherapy - ANSWER-MEASURED TO IMPROVE OXYGENATION
Secondary polycythemia is because of chronic hypoxemia with a resultant increase in erythropoietin
production. The goal of treatment is aimed at measures to reduce hypoxemia and improve oxygenation
by implementing oxygen therapy. IV fluids may be used to treat relative polycythemia, because it is
related to dehydration. Phlebotomy or increases in laboratory studies do not have an effect on
secondary polycythemia. Polycythemia is not treated with chemotherapeutic agents.
A patient with flail chest will demonstrate:
-absence of chest movement with breaths
-no inspiratory breath sounds
-fluttering chest movements on expirations
-outward chest movement on expiration - ANSWER-OUTWARD CHEST MOVEMENT ON EXPIRATION
Flail chest is demonstrated by paradoxical inward movement on inspiration and outward movement on
expiration. Flail chest is not demonstrated by absence of chest movement with breaths, no inspiratory
breath sounds, or fluttering chest movements on expiration.
Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?
-fiffuse interstitial lung disease
-hypersensitivity pneumonitis
-sarcoidosis
-acute respiratory distress syndrome - ANSWER-HYPERSENSIVITITY PNEUMONITIS
, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhalation of organic substances that produces an
inflammatory immunologic reaction. Diffuse interstitial lung disease is probably related to an immune
reaction but not from inhalation of organic substances. Sarcoidosis likely has an immunologic basis, but
not from inhalation of organic substances. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with severe
trauma, sepsis, and shock.
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by:
-hyperventilation
-massive blood transfusion
-tissue hypoxia
-hypoventilation - ANSWER-HYPOVENTILATION
Hypoventilation causes carbonic acid retention and respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation causes
excretion of too much carbonic acid and respiratory alkalosis. The liver metabolizes the citrate in
transfused blood into bicarbonate. Tissue hypoxia causes lactic acid production during anaerobic
metabolism and metabolic acidosis.
A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by:
-increased total lung capacity
-decreased residual volume
-inspiratory wheezing
-expiratory wheezing - ANSWER-DEC RESIDUAL VOL
Restrictive respiratory disorders are characterized by decreased residual volume. Restrictive respiratory
disorders are not characterized by increased residual volume. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing are
not characteristic of restrictive respiratory disorder.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the:
-release of rennin
