Table des matières
1 Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding en situering..................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Afbakening ................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Historische achtergrond: wetenschappelijke evoluties .................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Natuurwetenschappelijke methode (eerste evolutie) ..................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Eerste academische ontwikkelingen .............................................................................................. 9
1.3 Evolutie van maatschappelijk beeld over de mens in een arbeidssituatie ......................................... 10
1.3.1 De rationeel-economische mens (begin 20e eeuw)...................................................................... 10
1.3.2 De sociale mens .......................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.3 De naar-ontplooiing-zoekende mens ........................................................................................... 11
1.3.4 De complexe mens ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.5 Eindconclusie .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Werken: welke prestatie leveren? ................................................................................................ 12
1.4.1 Wat betekent werken? ................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2 Algemene modellen van jobprestatie ........................................................................................... 12
1.4.3 Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) .................................................................................... 13
1.4.4 Competentiebenadering.............................................................................................................. 13
1.4.5 De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” ................................................................................... 14
1.4.6 De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” ................................................................................... 14
2 Hoofdstuk 2: Evidencebased Management....................................................................................... 15
2.1 Intro – We have a problem .......................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 Probleem 1: beslissingen gebaseerd op meningen ....................................................................... 15
2.1.2 Probleem 2: aantrekkingskracht van rages en quick fixes ............................................................. 15
2.1.3 Probleem 3: verzachtende omstandigheden ................................................................................ 15
2.2 Evidence-Based Management (EBM) ........................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Fase 1: Ask .................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Fase 2: Acquire ............................................................................................................................ 16
2.2.3 Fase 3: Appraise (kritisch beoordelen) ......................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Fase 4: Aggregate ........................................................................................................................ 17
2.2.5 Fase 5: Apply ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 Fase 6: Assess ............................................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Kritische bedenkingen ............................................................................................................... 18
2.3.1 Convergente vs divergente wetenschappen ................................................................................. 18
2.3.2 Evidence-informed management................................................................................................. 18
2.3.3 Academic–practice gap ............................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Kritische bedenkingen over GenAI (zoals ChatGPT) ....................................................................... 18
3 Hoofdstuk 3: Determinanten van individueel gedrag ......................................................................... 19
3.1 Intelligentie .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Waarden .................................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 Attitudes .................................................................................................................................. 21
3.3.1 Attitude: Jobtevredenheid ............................................................................................................ 22
3.3.2 Attitude: Organisatiebetrokkenheid ............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Persoonlijkheid ......................................................................................................................... 23
3.4.1 Persoonlijkheid & werkgedrag ...................................................................................................... 25
3.4.2 De rol van persoonlijkheid in 3 principes ...................................................................................... 25
1
, 3.4.3 Dynamiek van persoonlijkheid ..................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Emotionele intelligentie (EI/EQ) .................................................................................................. 26
3.6 (Beroeps) Interesses ................................................................................................................. 27
3.6.1 Interesses: Holland’s RIASEC (RIASOC) model ............................................................................ 27
3.7 Perceptie ................................................................................................................................. 28
4 Hoofdstuk 3: Determinanten van gedrag in groepen .......................................................................... 30
4.1 Wat is een groep? ...................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Types groepen ............................................................................................................................. 30
4.2 Wat is een team? ...................................................................................................................... 30
4.2.1 Eigenschappen van teams ........................................................................................................... 30
4.3 Wanneer is teamwork een meerwaarde? ..................................................................................... 30
4.4 Waarom teamwork? .................................................................................................................. 31
4.5 Rollen ...................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.1 Effectieve teams vervullen negen types rollen (niet noodzakelijk met negen personen):............... 31
4.6 Normen ................................................................................................................................... 31
4.6.1 Conformiteit : Experimenten van Solomon Asch (1951) ............................................................... 32
4.6.2 Hawthorne-onderzoek (bank wiring experiment) .......................................................................... 32
4.7 Groepscohesie ......................................................................................................................... 32
4.7.1 Relatie tussen cohesie en productiviteit ...................................................................................... 32
4.7.2 Groepscohesie stimuleren........................................................................................................... 32
4.8 Groepsgrootte .......................................................................................................................... 33
4.9 Groepssamenstelling en diversiteit ............................................................................................. 33
4.9.1 Drie types diversiteit .................................................................................................................... 33
4.9.2 Homogeen of heterogeen? Twee perspectieven van Van Knippenberg & Schippers (2007) ........... 33
4.10 Teamconflict: soorten conflicten................................................................................................. 33
4.10.1 Taakconflict ................................................................................................................................. 33
4.10.2 Relationeel conflict ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.10.3 Procesconflict ............................................................................................................................. 34
4.10.4 Constructieve controverse .......................................................................................................... 34
4.11 Teamconflict: oplossingen ......................................................................................................... 34
4.11.1 Conflict vermijden ....................................................................................................................... 34
4.11.2 • Toegeven ................................................................................................................................... 34
4.11.3 Strijden ........................................................................................................................................ 34
4.11.4 Compromis ................................................................................................................................. 34
4.11.5 Samenwerken.............................................................................................................................. 34
4.12 Reflexiviteit .............................................................................................................................. 34
4.13 Groepsbesluitvorming ............................................................................................................... 34
4.14 Besluitvormingstechnieken ........................................................................................................ 35
4.14.1 Brainstorming .............................................................................................................................. 35
4.14.2 Nominale groepstechniek ............................................................................................................ 35
4.14.3 Delphi-techniek ........................................................................................................................... 35
4.15 Teamontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................... 35
4.15.1 Teambuilding ............................................................................................................................... 35
4.15.2 Cross-training .............................................................................................................................. 36
4.15.3 Crew Resource Management (CRM) ............................................................................................ 36
4.15.4 Teamcoaching ............................................................................................................................. 36
4.15.5 Team debriefing (after-action review) ........................................................................................... 36
2
,5 Hoofstuk 4: Motivatie op het werk .................................................................................................... 37
5.1 Motivatie op het werk - Overzicht ................................................................................................ 37
5.2 Behaviorisme ........................................................................................................................... 37
5.2.1 Bekrachtigingstheorie: klassieke en operante conditionering ....................................................... 37
5.3 Cognitieve theorieën ................................................................................................................. 38
5.3.1 Equity Theory (Adams, 1963) ....................................................................................................... 38
5.3.2 Organizational Justice (rechtvaardigheid) .................................................................................... 39
5.3.3 Verwachtingswaardetheorie (Expectancy Value / VIE) NOG BEKIJKEN ......................................... 39
5.3.4 Theorie van gepland gedrag (TPB) ................................................................................................ 40
5.3.5 Goal Setting Theory (GST) – Locke & Latham ................................................................................ 40
5.3.6 Zelfreguleringstheorieën .............................................................................................................. 41
5.4 Humanistische theorieën ........................................................................................................... 43
5.4.1 Maslow – behoeftehiërarchie ....................................................................................................... 43
5.4.2 Zelfdeterminatietheorie (ZDT) ...................................................................................................... 43
6 Hoofdstuk 5: Leiderschap ............................................................................................................... 45
6.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................... 45
Leiderschapstheorieën ......................................................................................................................... 45
6.2 Great Man Theory ...................................................................................................................... 45
6.3 Gedragstheorieën ..................................................................................................................... 46
6.3.1 Lewin’s leiderschapsstijlen: ......................................................................................................... 46
6.3.2 Ohio State Leadership Studies: .................................................................................................... 46
6.3.3 Michigan State Studies: ............................................................................................................... 46
6.4 Contingentietheorieën ............................................................................................................... 47
6.4.1 Life Cycle Theory / Situationeel leiderschap (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969) ..................................... 47
6.4.2 Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) .................................................................................................. 47
6.5 Full Range of Leadership Model .................................................................................................. 48
6.5.1 Laissez-faire ................................................................................................................................ 48
6.5.2 Transactioneel leiderschap .......................................................................................................... 48
6.5.3 Transformationeel leiderschap .................................................................................................... 48
6.6 Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory ...................................................................................... 48
6.7 Dienend leiderschap (Servant Leadership) ................................................................................... 49
6.8 Nichetheorieën ......................................................................................................................... 49
6.8.1 Ethisch leiderschap (EL) .............................................................................................................. 49
6.8.2 Authentiek leiderschap (AL) ......................................................................................................... 49
6.8.3 Paternalistisch leiderschap ......................................................................................................... 49
6.8.4 Coachend leiderschap ................................................................................................................ 50
6.9 Alternatieve benaderingen / kritieken........................................................................................... 50
6.9.1 Gedeeld leiderschap ................................................................................................................... 50
6.9.2 De perceptie-gedragkloof ............................................................................................................ 50
6.9.3 Effect van charisma bij de leidinggevende ................................................................................... 50
6.10 Leiderschap en macht ............................................................................................................... 51
6.10.1 Machtsbronnen ........................................................................................................................... 51
6.10.2 Machtstactieken: hoe machtsbronnen zich vertalen naar invloed ................................................ 51
6.10.3 VRAAG ......................................................................................................................................... 51
6.10.4 Toxic leiderschap ......................................................................................................................... 52
6.10.5 Toxic triangle................................................................................................................................ 52
6.11 Leiderschapsontwikkeling ......................................................................................................... 52
3
, 7 Hoofdstuk 6: Werk en Welzijn .......................................................................................................... 53
7.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................... 53
7.2 Historische perspectieven ......................................................................................................... 53
7.3 Welzijn op het werk ................................................................................................................... 53
7.3.1 Psychologisch welzijn .................................................................................................................. 53
7.3.2 Werkstress .................................................................................................................................. 54
7.3.3 Burn-out ...................................................................................................................................... 54
7.3.4 Bevlogenheid (‘Work engagement’).............................................................................................. 55
7.4 Werkkenmerken en welzijn ......................................................................................................... 55
7.4.1 Job Characteristics Model (JCM; Hackman & Oldham, 1960) ....................................................... 55
7.4.2 Job Demands-Control-Support Model (DCSM; Karasek & Theorell) .............................................. 55
7.4.3 Evaluatie klassieke modellen ....................................................................................................... 56
7.4.4 Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002) ................................................... 56
7.4.5 Person-Environment Fit (PE-fit) .................................................................................................... 56
7.4.6 Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001)................................................... 56
7.4.7 Grote drie voorspellers van welzijn .............................................................................................. 57
7.5 Aanpak van werkstress en welzijn ............................................................................................... 57
7.5.1 Typen interventies ....................................................................................................................... 57
7.5.2 Effectiviteit interventies ............................................................................................................... 57
7.5.3 Jobdesign als interventie ............................................................................................................. 57
8 Hoofdstuk 7: Werving, selectie en beoordeling ................................................................................. 58
8.1 Theoretisch raamwerk: ASA-cyclus ............................................................................................. 58
8.2 Job- / functieanalyse: werk-georiënteerde methodes .................................................................... 58
8.2.1 Vragenlijsten................................................................................................................................ 58
8.2.2 Observaties / shadowing ............................................................................................................. 59
8.2.3 Zelfrapportering / dagboekmethode ............................................................................................ 59
8.2.4 Hiërarchische taakanalyse .......................................................................................................... 59
8.3 Job- / functieanalyse: werker-georiënteerde methodes .................................................................. 59
8.3.1 Kritische incidenten interview ...................................................................................................... 59
8.3.2 Repertory grid .............................................................................................................................. 59
8.4 Personeelsrekrutering: definities................................................................................................. 59
8.5 Personeelsrekrutering: drie beslissingen ...................................................................................... 60
8.5.1 Wie moeten we rekruteren? ......................................................................................................... 60
8.5.2 Wat moet onze boodschap inhouden? ......................................................................................... 60
8.5.3 Hoe kunnen we onze doelgroep bereiken? (rekruteringskanalen) ................................................. 60
8.6 Personeelsrekrutering: evaluatie ................................................................................................. 61
8.6.1 Indicatoren bij evaluatie van rekrutering (recruitment metrics) .................................................... 61
8.7 Personeelsrekrutering: uitdagingen ............................................................................................. 61
8.8 Personeelsselectie .................................................................................................................... 61
8.8.1 Definitie ....................................................................................................................................... 61
8.8.2 Waarop selecteren? (3 essentiële aspecten) ................................................................................ 61
8.8.3 Selectiemethoden ....................................................................................................................... 62
CV’s en applicatieformulieren .................................................................................................................. 62
Referenties .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Cognitieve bekwaamheidstests ............................................................................................................... 62
Kennistests.............................................................................................................................................. 62
Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten .................................................................................................................. 62
Sociale wenselijkheid / faking in persoonlijkheidstesting ......................................................................... 62
Selectie-interview.................................................................................................................................... 62
4
1 Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding en situering..................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Afbakening ................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Historische achtergrond: wetenschappelijke evoluties .................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Natuurwetenschappelijke methode (eerste evolutie) ..................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Eerste academische ontwikkelingen .............................................................................................. 9
1.3 Evolutie van maatschappelijk beeld over de mens in een arbeidssituatie ......................................... 10
1.3.1 De rationeel-economische mens (begin 20e eeuw)...................................................................... 10
1.3.2 De sociale mens .......................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.3 De naar-ontplooiing-zoekende mens ........................................................................................... 11
1.3.4 De complexe mens ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.5 Eindconclusie .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Werken: welke prestatie leveren? ................................................................................................ 12
1.4.1 Wat betekent werken? ................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2 Algemene modellen van jobprestatie ........................................................................................... 12
1.4.3 Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) .................................................................................... 13
1.4.4 Competentiebenadering.............................................................................................................. 13
1.4.5 De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” ................................................................................... 14
1.4.6 De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” ................................................................................... 14
2 Hoofdstuk 2: Evidencebased Management....................................................................................... 15
2.1 Intro – We have a problem .......................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 Probleem 1: beslissingen gebaseerd op meningen ....................................................................... 15
2.1.2 Probleem 2: aantrekkingskracht van rages en quick fixes ............................................................. 15
2.1.3 Probleem 3: verzachtende omstandigheden ................................................................................ 15
2.2 Evidence-Based Management (EBM) ........................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Fase 1: Ask .................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Fase 2: Acquire ............................................................................................................................ 16
2.2.3 Fase 3: Appraise (kritisch beoordelen) ......................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Fase 4: Aggregate ........................................................................................................................ 17
2.2.5 Fase 5: Apply ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 Fase 6: Assess ............................................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Kritische bedenkingen ............................................................................................................... 18
2.3.1 Convergente vs divergente wetenschappen ................................................................................. 18
2.3.2 Evidence-informed management................................................................................................. 18
2.3.3 Academic–practice gap ............................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Kritische bedenkingen over GenAI (zoals ChatGPT) ....................................................................... 18
3 Hoofdstuk 3: Determinanten van individueel gedrag ......................................................................... 19
3.1 Intelligentie .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Waarden .................................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 Attitudes .................................................................................................................................. 21
3.3.1 Attitude: Jobtevredenheid ............................................................................................................ 22
3.3.2 Attitude: Organisatiebetrokkenheid ............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Persoonlijkheid ......................................................................................................................... 23
3.4.1 Persoonlijkheid & werkgedrag ...................................................................................................... 25
3.4.2 De rol van persoonlijkheid in 3 principes ...................................................................................... 25
1
, 3.4.3 Dynamiek van persoonlijkheid ..................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Emotionele intelligentie (EI/EQ) .................................................................................................. 26
3.6 (Beroeps) Interesses ................................................................................................................. 27
3.6.1 Interesses: Holland’s RIASEC (RIASOC) model ............................................................................ 27
3.7 Perceptie ................................................................................................................................. 28
4 Hoofdstuk 3: Determinanten van gedrag in groepen .......................................................................... 30
4.1 Wat is een groep? ...................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Types groepen ............................................................................................................................. 30
4.2 Wat is een team? ...................................................................................................................... 30
4.2.1 Eigenschappen van teams ........................................................................................................... 30
4.3 Wanneer is teamwork een meerwaarde? ..................................................................................... 30
4.4 Waarom teamwork? .................................................................................................................. 31
4.5 Rollen ...................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.1 Effectieve teams vervullen negen types rollen (niet noodzakelijk met negen personen):............... 31
4.6 Normen ................................................................................................................................... 31
4.6.1 Conformiteit : Experimenten van Solomon Asch (1951) ............................................................... 32
4.6.2 Hawthorne-onderzoek (bank wiring experiment) .......................................................................... 32
4.7 Groepscohesie ......................................................................................................................... 32
4.7.1 Relatie tussen cohesie en productiviteit ...................................................................................... 32
4.7.2 Groepscohesie stimuleren........................................................................................................... 32
4.8 Groepsgrootte .......................................................................................................................... 33
4.9 Groepssamenstelling en diversiteit ............................................................................................. 33
4.9.1 Drie types diversiteit .................................................................................................................... 33
4.9.2 Homogeen of heterogeen? Twee perspectieven van Van Knippenberg & Schippers (2007) ........... 33
4.10 Teamconflict: soorten conflicten................................................................................................. 33
4.10.1 Taakconflict ................................................................................................................................. 33
4.10.2 Relationeel conflict ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.10.3 Procesconflict ............................................................................................................................. 34
4.10.4 Constructieve controverse .......................................................................................................... 34
4.11 Teamconflict: oplossingen ......................................................................................................... 34
4.11.1 Conflict vermijden ....................................................................................................................... 34
4.11.2 • Toegeven ................................................................................................................................... 34
4.11.3 Strijden ........................................................................................................................................ 34
4.11.4 Compromis ................................................................................................................................. 34
4.11.5 Samenwerken.............................................................................................................................. 34
4.12 Reflexiviteit .............................................................................................................................. 34
4.13 Groepsbesluitvorming ............................................................................................................... 34
4.14 Besluitvormingstechnieken ........................................................................................................ 35
4.14.1 Brainstorming .............................................................................................................................. 35
4.14.2 Nominale groepstechniek ............................................................................................................ 35
4.14.3 Delphi-techniek ........................................................................................................................... 35
4.15 Teamontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................... 35
4.15.1 Teambuilding ............................................................................................................................... 35
4.15.2 Cross-training .............................................................................................................................. 36
4.15.3 Crew Resource Management (CRM) ............................................................................................ 36
4.15.4 Teamcoaching ............................................................................................................................. 36
4.15.5 Team debriefing (after-action review) ........................................................................................... 36
2
,5 Hoofstuk 4: Motivatie op het werk .................................................................................................... 37
5.1 Motivatie op het werk - Overzicht ................................................................................................ 37
5.2 Behaviorisme ........................................................................................................................... 37
5.2.1 Bekrachtigingstheorie: klassieke en operante conditionering ....................................................... 37
5.3 Cognitieve theorieën ................................................................................................................. 38
5.3.1 Equity Theory (Adams, 1963) ....................................................................................................... 38
5.3.2 Organizational Justice (rechtvaardigheid) .................................................................................... 39
5.3.3 Verwachtingswaardetheorie (Expectancy Value / VIE) NOG BEKIJKEN ......................................... 39
5.3.4 Theorie van gepland gedrag (TPB) ................................................................................................ 40
5.3.5 Goal Setting Theory (GST) – Locke & Latham ................................................................................ 40
5.3.6 Zelfreguleringstheorieën .............................................................................................................. 41
5.4 Humanistische theorieën ........................................................................................................... 43
5.4.1 Maslow – behoeftehiërarchie ....................................................................................................... 43
5.4.2 Zelfdeterminatietheorie (ZDT) ...................................................................................................... 43
6 Hoofdstuk 5: Leiderschap ............................................................................................................... 45
6.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................... 45
Leiderschapstheorieën ......................................................................................................................... 45
6.2 Great Man Theory ...................................................................................................................... 45
6.3 Gedragstheorieën ..................................................................................................................... 46
6.3.1 Lewin’s leiderschapsstijlen: ......................................................................................................... 46
6.3.2 Ohio State Leadership Studies: .................................................................................................... 46
6.3.3 Michigan State Studies: ............................................................................................................... 46
6.4 Contingentietheorieën ............................................................................................................... 47
6.4.1 Life Cycle Theory / Situationeel leiderschap (Hersey & Blanchard, 1969) ..................................... 47
6.4.2 Path-Goal Theory (House, 1971) .................................................................................................. 47
6.5 Full Range of Leadership Model .................................................................................................. 48
6.5.1 Laissez-faire ................................................................................................................................ 48
6.5.2 Transactioneel leiderschap .......................................................................................................... 48
6.5.3 Transformationeel leiderschap .................................................................................................... 48
6.6 Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory ...................................................................................... 48
6.7 Dienend leiderschap (Servant Leadership) ................................................................................... 49
6.8 Nichetheorieën ......................................................................................................................... 49
6.8.1 Ethisch leiderschap (EL) .............................................................................................................. 49
6.8.2 Authentiek leiderschap (AL) ......................................................................................................... 49
6.8.3 Paternalistisch leiderschap ......................................................................................................... 49
6.8.4 Coachend leiderschap ................................................................................................................ 50
6.9 Alternatieve benaderingen / kritieken........................................................................................... 50
6.9.1 Gedeeld leiderschap ................................................................................................................... 50
6.9.2 De perceptie-gedragkloof ............................................................................................................ 50
6.9.3 Effect van charisma bij de leidinggevende ................................................................................... 50
6.10 Leiderschap en macht ............................................................................................................... 51
6.10.1 Machtsbronnen ........................................................................................................................... 51
6.10.2 Machtstactieken: hoe machtsbronnen zich vertalen naar invloed ................................................ 51
6.10.3 VRAAG ......................................................................................................................................... 51
6.10.4 Toxic leiderschap ......................................................................................................................... 52
6.10.5 Toxic triangle................................................................................................................................ 52
6.11 Leiderschapsontwikkeling ......................................................................................................... 52
3
, 7 Hoofdstuk 6: Werk en Welzijn .......................................................................................................... 53
7.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................... 53
7.2 Historische perspectieven ......................................................................................................... 53
7.3 Welzijn op het werk ................................................................................................................... 53
7.3.1 Psychologisch welzijn .................................................................................................................. 53
7.3.2 Werkstress .................................................................................................................................. 54
7.3.3 Burn-out ...................................................................................................................................... 54
7.3.4 Bevlogenheid (‘Work engagement’).............................................................................................. 55
7.4 Werkkenmerken en welzijn ......................................................................................................... 55
7.4.1 Job Characteristics Model (JCM; Hackman & Oldham, 1960) ....................................................... 55
7.4.2 Job Demands-Control-Support Model (DCSM; Karasek & Theorell) .............................................. 55
7.4.3 Evaluatie klassieke modellen ....................................................................................................... 56
7.4.4 Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002) ................................................... 56
7.4.5 Person-Environment Fit (PE-fit) .................................................................................................... 56
7.4.6 Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001)................................................... 56
7.4.7 Grote drie voorspellers van welzijn .............................................................................................. 57
7.5 Aanpak van werkstress en welzijn ............................................................................................... 57
7.5.1 Typen interventies ....................................................................................................................... 57
7.5.2 Effectiviteit interventies ............................................................................................................... 57
7.5.3 Jobdesign als interventie ............................................................................................................. 57
8 Hoofdstuk 7: Werving, selectie en beoordeling ................................................................................. 58
8.1 Theoretisch raamwerk: ASA-cyclus ............................................................................................. 58
8.2 Job- / functieanalyse: werk-georiënteerde methodes .................................................................... 58
8.2.1 Vragenlijsten................................................................................................................................ 58
8.2.2 Observaties / shadowing ............................................................................................................. 59
8.2.3 Zelfrapportering / dagboekmethode ............................................................................................ 59
8.2.4 Hiërarchische taakanalyse .......................................................................................................... 59
8.3 Job- / functieanalyse: werker-georiënteerde methodes .................................................................. 59
8.3.1 Kritische incidenten interview ...................................................................................................... 59
8.3.2 Repertory grid .............................................................................................................................. 59
8.4 Personeelsrekrutering: definities................................................................................................. 59
8.5 Personeelsrekrutering: drie beslissingen ...................................................................................... 60
8.5.1 Wie moeten we rekruteren? ......................................................................................................... 60
8.5.2 Wat moet onze boodschap inhouden? ......................................................................................... 60
8.5.3 Hoe kunnen we onze doelgroep bereiken? (rekruteringskanalen) ................................................. 60
8.6 Personeelsrekrutering: evaluatie ................................................................................................. 61
8.6.1 Indicatoren bij evaluatie van rekrutering (recruitment metrics) .................................................... 61
8.7 Personeelsrekrutering: uitdagingen ............................................................................................. 61
8.8 Personeelsselectie .................................................................................................................... 61
8.8.1 Definitie ....................................................................................................................................... 61
8.8.2 Waarop selecteren? (3 essentiële aspecten) ................................................................................ 61
8.8.3 Selectiemethoden ....................................................................................................................... 62
CV’s en applicatieformulieren .................................................................................................................. 62
Referenties .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Cognitieve bekwaamheidstests ............................................................................................................... 62
Kennistests.............................................................................................................................................. 62
Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten .................................................................................................................. 62
Sociale wenselijkheid / faking in persoonlijkheidstesting ......................................................................... 62
Selectie-interview.................................................................................................................................... 62
4
