Page 1 of 95
NSG 533 EXAM 4/ NSG 533 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM| COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+|| NEW!!
Anemia can contribute to: .....ANSWER..... coronary ischemia
Composition of blood .....ANSWER..... 5.5L total. 50-55% =
plasma; 90% water
Erythropoesis is stimulated by... .....ANSWER..... erythropoetin
Hemoglobin A .....ANSWER..... the majority of adult hemoglobin.
97% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.
HbA2 .....ANSWER..... minor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of
circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 delta chains.
,Page 2 of 95
Hemoglobin F .....ANSWER..... Fetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2
gamma chains. Has a greater affinity for and more regularly
binds O2.
Anemia .....ANSWER..... a decrease in circulating red blood cells
in the body, as reflected by a reduction in hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in men and less than 12 in
women.
Normal RBC .....ANSWER..... 4.5-6
Normal Hemoglobin .....ANSWER..... >13 in men, >12 in women.
Normal HCT .....ANSWER..... 40-50in men; 35-45 in women.
usually 3x the hemoglobin count.
Reticulocyte count .....ANSWER..... Low (<0.5%) High (>2%) if
high, bone marrow is trying to compensate for loss in hgb or red
cells. problem exists outside of the bome marrow
,Page 3 of 95
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) .....ANSWER..... description of
the volume of an RBC. NOT DIAGNOSTIC
RDW (red cell distribution width) .....ANSWER..... 11.5-15 %;
index of variation in RBC size and shape. Indicates evolving
macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) .....ANSWER..... commonly
used: 27 - 31 pg/ cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC
Microcytic anemia .....ANSWER..... Iron deficiency, thalassemia,
inflammation. low MCV <80. Low reticulocyte count.
Underproduction.
macrocytic anemia .....ANSWER..... Underproduction. B12
deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency, Antimetabolite drugs. MCV >
100; low reticulocyte count
, Page 4 of 95
Normocytic Anemia .....ANSWER..... MCV 80-100; low
reticulocyte count; ex: dilutional/iatrogenic secondary to
phlebotomy.
Folate Deficiency Anemia .....ANSWER..... Macrocytic anemia;
poor intake; low retic, elevate MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad
neutropenia, elevated homocysteine; low RBC folate. Eat orange
fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for B12
deficiency - can worsen neurological symptoms specific to B12
deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiency .....ANSWER..... Macrocytic;
malabsorption; occurs when B12 is not released from food
proteins due to impaired digestion; Elevated MCV/Macrocytic;
Pernicious Anemia .....ANSWER..... lack of mature erythrocytes
caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
Destruction (Hemolytic anemia) .....ANSWER..... anemia with
elevated reticulocytes; intrinsic and extrinsic
NSG 533 EXAM 4/ NSG 533 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM| COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+|| NEW!!
Anemia can contribute to: .....ANSWER..... coronary ischemia
Composition of blood .....ANSWER..... 5.5L total. 50-55% =
plasma; 90% water
Erythropoesis is stimulated by... .....ANSWER..... erythropoetin
Hemoglobin A .....ANSWER..... the majority of adult hemoglobin.
97% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.
HbA2 .....ANSWER..... minor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of
circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 delta chains.
,Page 2 of 95
Hemoglobin F .....ANSWER..... Fetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2
gamma chains. Has a greater affinity for and more regularly
binds O2.
Anemia .....ANSWER..... a decrease in circulating red blood cells
in the body, as reflected by a reduction in hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in men and less than 12 in
women.
Normal RBC .....ANSWER..... 4.5-6
Normal Hemoglobin .....ANSWER..... >13 in men, >12 in women.
Normal HCT .....ANSWER..... 40-50in men; 35-45 in women.
usually 3x the hemoglobin count.
Reticulocyte count .....ANSWER..... Low (<0.5%) High (>2%) if
high, bone marrow is trying to compensate for loss in hgb or red
cells. problem exists outside of the bome marrow
,Page 3 of 95
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) .....ANSWER..... description of
the volume of an RBC. NOT DIAGNOSTIC
RDW (red cell distribution width) .....ANSWER..... 11.5-15 %;
index of variation in RBC size and shape. Indicates evolving
macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) .....ANSWER..... commonly
used: 27 - 31 pg/ cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC
Microcytic anemia .....ANSWER..... Iron deficiency, thalassemia,
inflammation. low MCV <80. Low reticulocyte count.
Underproduction.
macrocytic anemia .....ANSWER..... Underproduction. B12
deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency, Antimetabolite drugs. MCV >
100; low reticulocyte count
, Page 4 of 95
Normocytic Anemia .....ANSWER..... MCV 80-100; low
reticulocyte count; ex: dilutional/iatrogenic secondary to
phlebotomy.
Folate Deficiency Anemia .....ANSWER..... Macrocytic anemia;
poor intake; low retic, elevate MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad
neutropenia, elevated homocysteine; low RBC folate. Eat orange
fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for B12
deficiency - can worsen neurological symptoms specific to B12
deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiency .....ANSWER..... Macrocytic;
malabsorption; occurs when B12 is not released from food
proteins due to impaired digestion; Elevated MCV/Macrocytic;
Pernicious Anemia .....ANSWER..... lack of mature erythrocytes
caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
Destruction (Hemolytic anemia) .....ANSWER..... anemia with
elevated reticulocytes; intrinsic and extrinsic
