Anatomy

PUNJB PHARMACY COUNCIL, LAHORE
PHYSIOLOGY 1

INDEX
PART A
Chapter No Name Page No
1 INTRODUCTION 2
2 TERMINOLOGIES OF ANATOMY 6
3 SURFACE ANATOMY 12
1. Anatomy of Skeleton
2. Anatomy of Digestive System 18
3. Anatomy of Respiratory System 22
4. Anatomy of Urinary System 24
26
5. Anatomy of CVS 28
6. Anatomy of Reproductive System

PART B
1 INTRODUCTION OF PHYSIOLOGY 30
2 1. CELL 31
Components of cell, their structure and function
2. TISSUE
3. BONE
4. JOINTS
5. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
3 BLOOD 50
1. Composition of Blood
2. Anemia
3. ESR
4. Blood Coagulation
5. Blood Groups

4 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Circulation) 83
5 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 99
6 SKIN 115
7 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 120
8 URINARY SYSTEM 140
9 NERVE AND MUSCLE 146
10 NERVOUS SYSTEM 157
11 SPECIAL SENSES 166
12 ENDOCRINOLOGY 176




Block No. 7, LDA Flats, Huma Block, Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore, 042-99260298

, PUNJB PHARMACY COUNCIL, LAHORE
PHYSIOLOGY 2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

You are about to begin the study of one of nature's most wondrous structures —
the human body. Anatomy (ah-NAT-o-me) and Physiology (fiz-ee-OL-o-jee)
are branches of biology that are concerned with the form and functions of the
body.
Anatomy: is the study of body structure,
Physiology: deals with body function,
that is, how the body parts work to support life. As you learn about the complex
interdependence of Structure and function in the human body, you will become,
in a very real sense, the subject of your own study.

ANATOMY

Anatomy is often defined as the study of the structure of an organism and the
relationships of its parts. The word anatomy is derived from two Greek words
(ana "up," and temos or tomos, “cutting"). Students of anatomy still learn about
the structure of the human body by literally cutting it apart. This process, called
dissection, remains a principal technique used to isolate and study the structural
components or parts of the human body.
Biology is defined as the study of life. Both anatomy and physiology are
subdivisions of this very broad area of inquiry. Just as biology can be
subdivided into specific areas for study, so can anatomy and physiology. For
example, the term gross anatomy is used to describe the study of body parts
visible to the naked eye. Before the discovery of the microscope, anatomists
had to study human structure using only the eye during dissection. These early
anatomists could make only a gross or whole, examination. With the use of
modern microscopes, many anatomists now specialize in microscopic anatomy,
including the study of cells, called cytology (sye-TOL-o-jee), and tissues, called
Histology (his-TOL-o-jee). Other branches of anatomy include the study of
human growth and development (developmental anatomy) or the study of
diseased body structures ( pathological anatomy).
Definition of anatomy


It is a branch of medical science which deals with the study of structure
of plant and animal.



Block No. 7, LDA Flats, Huma Block, Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore, 042-99260298

, PUNJB PHARMACY COUNCIL, LAHORE
PHYSIOLOGY 3

Definition of human anatomy

It is branch of medical science which deals with the study of structure of
different organs and body parts of human.

BRANCHES OF ANATOMY:



1. Gross anatomy/Macroscopic

It is branch of anatomy which deals with the study of structure of human
body parts by naked eye.( mean that without any microscope or lenses.)

2. Histology

It is a branch of anatomy which deals with the study of structure of
tissues.

3. Embryology

It is the branch of anatomy which deals with the study of embryo.it
provides details of changes occurring during development. Hence, it helps in
understanding congenital deformities and defects.




Block No. 7, LDA Flats, Huma Block, Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore, 042-99260298