EINDEXAMEN DEEL III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Toxicologie.............................................................................................................. 3
Neurologie .............................................................................................................12
Algemeen neurologisch onderzoek ................................................................................. 12
Epilepsie ...................................................................................................................... 17
Discus hernia ................................................................................................................ 26
Encefalitis .................................................................................................................... 29
Hersentumor ................................................................................................................ 31
Hydrocephalus ............................................................................................................. 31
Chiari-like malformatie & syringomyelie ......................................................................... 32
Metabole aandoeningen (die neurologische klachten veroorzaken) ................................... 34
Vestibulaire klachten .................................................................................................... 35
Otitis media/interna .......................................................................................................................... 36
PSOM .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Primaire hypothyroidie ..................................................................................................................... 38
Idiopathisch geriatrisch vestibulair syndroom ..................................................................................... 38
Cerebellaire klachten..................................................................................................... 39
Neuronale ceroid lipofuscinose .......................................................................................................... 39
Feliene panleukopenie ...................................................................................................................... 40
N. facialis paralyse ............................................................................................................................ 40
N. trigeminus neuritis ........................................................................................................................ 41
Horner syndroom .............................................................................................................................. 42
Ruggenmerg ................................................................................................................ 43
Waar zit het letsel? ............................................................................................................................ 43
Meningitis ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Fibrocartilagineus infarct ................................................................................................................... 48
Discospondylitis ................................................................................................................................ 49
Cervicale spondylomyelopathie (wobbler syndroom) .......................................................................... 50
Acute idiopathische polyradiculoneuritis ............................................................................................ 51
Myasthenia gravis ............................................................................................................................. 52
Ischemische neuromyopathie ............................................................................................................ 54
Traumatische neuropathie ................................................................................................................ 54
Voortplanting .........................................................................................................55
Cyclus en contraceptie bij hond ...................................................................................... 56
Cyclus bij de kat ............................................................................................................ 60
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, Dekbegeleiding ............................................................................................................ 62
Cytologie .......................................................................................................................................... 63
Progesteron bepaling ........................................................................................................................ 65
Vaginoscopie .................................................................................................................................... 66
Hoe dekken?..................................................................................................................................... 66
Drachtdiagnose ............................................................................................................ 67
Dracht hond .................................................................................................................68
Partus .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Dracht kat .................................................................................................................... 71
Partusdatum voorspellen .................................................................................................................. 71
Partus .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Problemen dracht ......................................................................................................... 71
Intrauteriene vruchtdood .................................................................................................................. 71
Vroeggeboorte ............................................................................................................. 75
Teef ziek tijdens dracht ................................................................................................. 75
Foetale afwijkingen....................................................................................................... 77
Welke medicatie mag je geven tijdens dracht? ....................................................................................77
Dystocie....................................................................................................................... 79
Keizersnede ...................................................................................................................................... 81
Problemen na partus ..................................................................................................... 82
Uterusproblemen.............................................................................................................................. 83
Melkklierproblemen .......................................................................................................................... 85
Neonatologie ............................................................................................................... 87
Problemen intacte teef/poes .......................................................................................... 92
Reu.............................................................................................................................. 98
Onderzoek ....................................................................................................................................... 98
Afwijkingen ...................................................................................................................................... 99
Cyclusafwijkingen ....................................................................................................... 108
Hond .............................................................................................................................................. 108
Kat ..................................................................................................................................................112
Farmacologie ....................................................................................................... 113
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
,TOXICOLOGIE
HUID/MUCOSA
Toxisch bestanddeel Symptomen Diagnose Behandeling/antidoot
Nitreuze gassen Irritatie slijmvliezen Geen antidoot
- Tranen Verse lucht
- Hoesten
- Conjunctivitis/ Longoedeem: diuretica,
rhinitis preventief AB,
- Pneumonie cardiotonica
- Hartproblemen
Vorming
methemoglobinemie:
cyanose
Chloor Lokaal etsend door
vorming HCl
- Aantasting
darm- en long
mucosa
- Afname
cellulair
metabolisme
Fosgeen COCl2 → etsend
Yperiet/lewesiet Etsend long en neus,
blaasvorming,
beenmerg supressie
BLOED
Toxisch Symptomen Diagnose Behandeling/antidoot
bestanddeel
Nitraat/nitriet Vorming metHb (bruin bloed) EDTA: metHb Methyleenblauw IV =
→ dyspnee, cyanose, bepalen metHb reductase
incoördinatie, convulsies, soms
braken, diarree
Nachtschadefamilie Solanine (glyco-alkaloide): Geen
: onrijpe aardappel, suikerdeel wordt aardappelen/tomaten
tomaat gehydrolyseerd waardoor voeren: bewaar in het
toxisch solanidine overblijft donker, groene plekken
wegsnijden, schillen,
- Irriterend op GI geen beschimmelde
- Hemolyse aardappel geven
- Hypercholinerg beeld:
braken, diarree,
speekselen
- CZS: eerst excitatie, dan
depressie
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
, Hartstilstand
Bingelkruid Hoogste gehalte in zaden > BOZ: gestegen 1. Bloedtransfusie
(mercurialine) wortels > rest plant bilirubine 2. IV infuus
(leveraantasting en 3. Symptomatisc
Verliest toxiciteit bij drogen hemolyse), ureum h
gestegen, AST
Lokaal etsend op GIS, gestegen, Hct
hemolyse, depressie CZS, gedaald
levernecrose, nierdegeneratie
- Bleke mucosa
- Icterus
- Obstipatie → diarree
- Bruin bloed
- Strangurie
- Grote lever
Bloed nemen
CO CO bindt aan Hb waardoor O2 (heparine): bepaling Mengsel 95% O%
niet meer kan binden → daling % co2 toedienen (bij
pCO2 → respiratoire alkalose carboxyhemoglobin metabole acidose geen
e t.o.v. totaal CO2 toedienen)
- Carboxyhemoglobine: hemoglobine via
kersrood bloed spectrofotometrie.
- Hyperacuut: medullaire
paralyse = plots dood
Acuut: onrust, ataxie,
hoofdpijn, VD, braken, ADH
verlamming
4-OH coumarine 4-OH coumarines gaan in Bloed nemen Geen symptomen?
derivaten competitie met vit K → minder (citraat): bepaling
(rodenticiden) synthese stollingstijden ➔ PT - Apomorfine,
prothrombine/stollingsfactoren (factor 7 zal eerst actieve kool <1 u
, blokkeren vit K epoxide stijgen), dan aPTT na opname
reductase en binding - PTquick na 1-2 d
transporters waardoor vit K niet en na 3-4 d
meer getransporteerd kan
worden Bepaling 4-OH Symptomen?
coumarines in lever
- Apathie/spierzwakte - Bloedtansfusie
- Bleke mucosae voor
- Hematurie stollingsfactoren
- Bloedingen
Vit K SC of PO
- Shock
Symptomen na 4-72 uur:
reserves prothrombines
moeten uitgeput worden eerst
Allium (ui, look, Zwavelhoudende alkaloiden → Symptomatisch, ev.
prei) schade HB = hemolyse bloedtransfusie
- Anemie
- Hematurie
- Lethargie/zwakte
- Tachycardie
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Toxicologie.............................................................................................................. 3
Neurologie .............................................................................................................12
Algemeen neurologisch onderzoek ................................................................................. 12
Epilepsie ...................................................................................................................... 17
Discus hernia ................................................................................................................ 26
Encefalitis .................................................................................................................... 29
Hersentumor ................................................................................................................ 31
Hydrocephalus ............................................................................................................. 31
Chiari-like malformatie & syringomyelie ......................................................................... 32
Metabole aandoeningen (die neurologische klachten veroorzaken) ................................... 34
Vestibulaire klachten .................................................................................................... 35
Otitis media/interna .......................................................................................................................... 36
PSOM .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Primaire hypothyroidie ..................................................................................................................... 38
Idiopathisch geriatrisch vestibulair syndroom ..................................................................................... 38
Cerebellaire klachten..................................................................................................... 39
Neuronale ceroid lipofuscinose .......................................................................................................... 39
Feliene panleukopenie ...................................................................................................................... 40
N. facialis paralyse ............................................................................................................................ 40
N. trigeminus neuritis ........................................................................................................................ 41
Horner syndroom .............................................................................................................................. 42
Ruggenmerg ................................................................................................................ 43
Waar zit het letsel? ............................................................................................................................ 43
Meningitis ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Fibrocartilagineus infarct ................................................................................................................... 48
Discospondylitis ................................................................................................................................ 49
Cervicale spondylomyelopathie (wobbler syndroom) .......................................................................... 50
Acute idiopathische polyradiculoneuritis ............................................................................................ 51
Myasthenia gravis ............................................................................................................................. 52
Ischemische neuromyopathie ............................................................................................................ 54
Traumatische neuropathie ................................................................................................................ 54
Voortplanting .........................................................................................................55
Cyclus en contraceptie bij hond ...................................................................................... 56
Cyclus bij de kat ............................................................................................................ 60
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
, Dekbegeleiding ............................................................................................................ 62
Cytologie .......................................................................................................................................... 63
Progesteron bepaling ........................................................................................................................ 65
Vaginoscopie .................................................................................................................................... 66
Hoe dekken?..................................................................................................................................... 66
Drachtdiagnose ............................................................................................................ 67
Dracht hond .................................................................................................................68
Partus .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Dracht kat .................................................................................................................... 71
Partusdatum voorspellen .................................................................................................................. 71
Partus .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Problemen dracht ......................................................................................................... 71
Intrauteriene vruchtdood .................................................................................................................. 71
Vroeggeboorte ............................................................................................................. 75
Teef ziek tijdens dracht ................................................................................................. 75
Foetale afwijkingen....................................................................................................... 77
Welke medicatie mag je geven tijdens dracht? ....................................................................................77
Dystocie....................................................................................................................... 79
Keizersnede ...................................................................................................................................... 81
Problemen na partus ..................................................................................................... 82
Uterusproblemen.............................................................................................................................. 83
Melkklierproblemen .......................................................................................................................... 85
Neonatologie ............................................................................................................... 87
Problemen intacte teef/poes .......................................................................................... 92
Reu.............................................................................................................................. 98
Onderzoek ....................................................................................................................................... 98
Afwijkingen ...................................................................................................................................... 99
Cyclusafwijkingen ....................................................................................................... 108
Hond .............................................................................................................................................. 108
Kat ..................................................................................................................................................112
Farmacologie ....................................................................................................... 113
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
,TOXICOLOGIE
HUID/MUCOSA
Toxisch bestanddeel Symptomen Diagnose Behandeling/antidoot
Nitreuze gassen Irritatie slijmvliezen Geen antidoot
- Tranen Verse lucht
- Hoesten
- Conjunctivitis/ Longoedeem: diuretica,
rhinitis preventief AB,
- Pneumonie cardiotonica
- Hartproblemen
Vorming
methemoglobinemie:
cyanose
Chloor Lokaal etsend door
vorming HCl
- Aantasting
darm- en long
mucosa
- Afname
cellulair
metabolisme
Fosgeen COCl2 → etsend
Yperiet/lewesiet Etsend long en neus,
blaasvorming,
beenmerg supressie
BLOED
Toxisch Symptomen Diagnose Behandeling/antidoot
bestanddeel
Nitraat/nitriet Vorming metHb (bruin bloed) EDTA: metHb Methyleenblauw IV =
→ dyspnee, cyanose, bepalen metHb reductase
incoördinatie, convulsies, soms
braken, diarree
Nachtschadefamilie Solanine (glyco-alkaloide): Geen
: onrijpe aardappel, suikerdeel wordt aardappelen/tomaten
tomaat gehydrolyseerd waardoor voeren: bewaar in het
toxisch solanidine overblijft donker, groene plekken
wegsnijden, schillen,
- Irriterend op GI geen beschimmelde
- Hemolyse aardappel geven
- Hypercholinerg beeld:
braken, diarree,
speekselen
- CZS: eerst excitatie, dan
depressie
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
, Hartstilstand
Bingelkruid Hoogste gehalte in zaden > BOZ: gestegen 1. Bloedtransfusie
(mercurialine) wortels > rest plant bilirubine 2. IV infuus
(leveraantasting en 3. Symptomatisc
Verliest toxiciteit bij drogen hemolyse), ureum h
gestegen, AST
Lokaal etsend op GIS, gestegen, Hct
hemolyse, depressie CZS, gedaald
levernecrose, nierdegeneratie
- Bleke mucosa
- Icterus
- Obstipatie → diarree
- Bruin bloed
- Strangurie
- Grote lever
Bloed nemen
CO CO bindt aan Hb waardoor O2 (heparine): bepaling Mengsel 95% O%
niet meer kan binden → daling % co2 toedienen (bij
pCO2 → respiratoire alkalose carboxyhemoglobin metabole acidose geen
e t.o.v. totaal CO2 toedienen)
- Carboxyhemoglobine: hemoglobine via
kersrood bloed spectrofotometrie.
- Hyperacuut: medullaire
paralyse = plots dood
Acuut: onrust, ataxie,
hoofdpijn, VD, braken, ADH
verlamming
4-OH coumarine 4-OH coumarines gaan in Bloed nemen Geen symptomen?
derivaten competitie met vit K → minder (citraat): bepaling
(rodenticiden) synthese stollingstijden ➔ PT - Apomorfine,
prothrombine/stollingsfactoren (factor 7 zal eerst actieve kool <1 u
, blokkeren vit K epoxide stijgen), dan aPTT na opname
reductase en binding - PTquick na 1-2 d
transporters waardoor vit K niet en na 3-4 d
meer getransporteerd kan
worden Bepaling 4-OH Symptomen?
coumarines in lever
- Apathie/spierzwakte - Bloedtansfusie
- Bleke mucosae voor
- Hematurie stollingsfactoren
- Bloedingen
Vit K SC of PO
- Shock
Symptomen na 4-72 uur:
reserves prothrombines
moeten uitgeput worden eerst
Allium (ui, look, Zwavelhoudende alkaloiden → Symptomatisch, ev.
prei) schade HB = hemolyse bloedtransfusie
- Anemie
- Hematurie
- Lethargie/zwakte
- Tachycardie
STUVIA | Diergeneeskundesamenvattingen
