Inhoudsopgave
1 Psychopathologie: algemeen ................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Begrippen/ definitie ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Geschiedenis.................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Abnormaal/ ziek.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Medisch model ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.6 Classificatie .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.7 DSM IV- TR/ DSM 5 ....................................................................................................................... 6
2 Stoornissen in het psychisch functioneren ............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Expressie en psychomotoriek ......................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Kwantitatieve stoornis.............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Kwalitatief: dysactiviteit............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.3 Spraak ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Bewustzijn ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Stoornissen in helderheid of aanspreekbaarheid ..................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Stoornissen in aandacht of opmerkzaamheid .......................................................................... 9
2.2.3 Stoornissen in oriëntatie .......................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Zelfbeleving .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Stoornissen in het zelfbeeld..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Stoornissen in de lichaamservaring ......................................................................................... 9
2.4 Waarneming ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Sensorische vervormingen ...................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Illusies ..................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.3 Hallucinaties ............................................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Denken en geheugen ................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Formele denkstoornissen ...................................................................................................... 10
2.5.2 Inhoudelijke denkstoornissen ................................................................................................ 10
2.5.3 Stoornissen van geheugen en intelligentie ............................................................................ 10
2.6 Gevoelens en verlangen............................................................................................................... 11
2.6.1 Stoornissen in gevoelsleven .................................................................................................. 11
2.6.2 Stoornissen in verband met verlangen en wil ........................................................................ 11
3 Neurocognitieve stoornissen ............................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Delirium: dsm 5 criteria ................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.1 Epidemiologie ........................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.2 Voorkomen ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.3 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Dementie – DSM IV ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1 Etiologische subtypes ............................................................................................................ 12
3.2.2 Alzheimer type....................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Andere soorten dementie ...................................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Differentiële diagnose ............................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Amnestische stoornissen: dsm iv criteria ...................................................................................... 14
,4 Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen ................................................................................ 14
4.1 Stoornissen in het gebruik van een middel (dsm 5) ...................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Alcohol .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.2 Verslaving aan andere psychoactieve stoffen........................................................................ 17
4.1.3 Gokstoornis ........................................................................................................................... 18
5 Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen .................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Depressieve stoornis DSM 5 ........................................................................................................ 18
5.1.1 Soorten depressie ................................................................................................................. 19
6 Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Criteria manische episode dsm iv ................................................................................................. 19
6.2 Criteria manische episode dsm iv ................................................................................................. 19
6.3 Criteria hypomanische episode dsm iv ......................................................................................... 19
6.4 Criteria depressieve episode dsm iv ............................................................................................. 20
6.4.1 Epidemiologie en beloop ....................................................................................................... 20
6.4.2 Etiologie ................................................................................................................................ 20
6.4.3 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 20
7 Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 20
7.1 Paniekstoornis .............................................................................................................................. 20
7.2 Paniekaanval criteria dsm 5.......................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Paniekstoornis criteria dsm 5........................................................................................................ 21
7.4 Agorafobie .................................................................................................................................... 21
7.5 Sociale angststoornis (vroeger: sociale fobie) .............................................................................. 22
7.6 Specifieke fobie ............................................................................................................................ 22
7.7 Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis ................................................................................................... 22
8 Obsessieve- compulsieve en verwante stoornissen............................................................................. 23
8.1 Obsessief- compulsieve stoornis DSM 5 criteria ........................................................................... 23
8.2 Morfodysfore stoornis ................................................................................................................... 23
8.3 Verzamelstoornis.......................................................................................................................... 23
8.4 Trichotillomanie ............................................................................................................................ 23
8.5 Excoriatiestoornis ......................................................................................................................... 23
9 Trauma en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen....................................................................................... 24
9.1 Posttraumatische stressstoornis: criteria ...................................................................................... 24
9.1.1 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 24
10 Dissociatieve stoornissen ................................................................................................................. 25
10.1 Dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis criteria dsm 5 .............................................................................. 25
10.1.1 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 25
11 Somatische symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen ................................................................. 25
11.1 Somatische symptoomstoornis ..................................................................................................... 25
11.2 Conversiestoornis......................................................................................................................... 26
12 Eetstoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 26
12.1 Anorexia nervosa ......................................................................................................................... 26
12.2 Boulimia nervosa .......................................................................................................................... 26
12.2.1 Etiologie ................................................................................................................................ 27
2
, 12.2.2 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 27
12.3 Eetbuistoornis............................................................................................................................... 27
13 Seksuele stoornissen ....................................................................................................................... 27
13.1 Seksuele disfuncties ..................................................................................................................... 27
13.2 Parafilia ........................................................................................................................................ 27
13.3 Gender identiteitsstoornissen ....................................................................................................... 28
14 Slaap- waakstoornissen ................................................................................................................... 28
14.1 Periodes ....................................................................................................................................... 28
14.1.1 Non- rem slaap ...................................................................................................................... 28
14.1.2 REM- slaap ........................................................................................................................... 28
14.2 Slaappatroon ................................................................................................................................ 28
14.3 Dyssomnie ................................................................................................................................... 29
14.4 Parasomnia .................................................................................................................................. 29
15 Disruptieve, impulsbeheersing- en andere gedragsstoornissen ....................................................... 30
15.1 Stoornis in impulscontrole ............................................................................................................ 30
15.2 Kleptomanie ................................................................................................................................. 30
15.3 Pyromanie .................................................................................................................................... 31
15.4 Periodieke explosieve stoornis ..................................................................................................... 31
15.5 Normoverschrijdende gedragsstoornis ......................................................................................... 31
16 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ............................................................................................................. 31
16.1 Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................. 31
16.2 Specifieke persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ........................................................................................ 31
16.3 Algemene criteria voor phs ........................................................................................................... 32
16.4 Epidemiologie ............................................................................................................................... 32
16.5 Clusters ........................................................................................................................................ 32
16.5.1 Cluster A ............................................................................................................................... 32
16.5.2 Cluster B ............................................................................................................................... 34
16.5.3 Cluster C ............................................................................................................................... 35
16.6 Ps in de dsm 5.............................................................................................................................. 36
16.7 Algemene criteria ......................................................................................................................... 37
16.7.1 Niveau van persoonlijkheidsfunctioneren............................................................................... 37
16.7.2 Specifieke types van PHS ..................................................................................................... 37
16.7.3 Dimensioneel systeem voor maladaptieve persoonlijkheidstrekken ....................................... 37
17 Schizofreniespectrum en andere psychotische stoornissen ............................................................. 38
17.1 Dsm 5 schizofrenie ....................................................................................................................... 38
17.2 Soorten schizofrenie ..................................................................................................................... 39
17.2.1 Gedesorganiseerd type (vroegere hebefrenie) ...................................................................... 39
17.2.2 Katatone type ........................................................................................................................ 39
17.2.3 Ongedifferentieerde type ....................................................................................................... 39
17.2.4 Resttype ................................................................................................................................ 39
17.2.5 Paranoïde type ...................................................................................................................... 39
17.3 Verklaring schizofrenie ................................................................................................................. 40
17.4 Behandeling ................................................................................................................................. 40
3
, 17.5 Voorkomen ................................................................................................................................... 40
17.6 Prognose ...................................................................................................................................... 40
17.7 Andere psychotische stoornissen ................................................................................................. 40
17.7.1 Wat is een psychose? ........................................................................................................... 41
18 Mogelijke examenvragen ................................................................................................................. 41
4
1 Psychopathologie: algemeen ................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Begrippen/ definitie ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Geschiedenis.................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Abnormaal/ ziek.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Medisch model ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.6 Classificatie .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.7 DSM IV- TR/ DSM 5 ....................................................................................................................... 6
2 Stoornissen in het psychisch functioneren ............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Expressie en psychomotoriek ......................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Kwantitatieve stoornis.............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Kwalitatief: dysactiviteit............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.3 Spraak ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Bewustzijn ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Stoornissen in helderheid of aanspreekbaarheid ..................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Stoornissen in aandacht of opmerkzaamheid .......................................................................... 9
2.2.3 Stoornissen in oriëntatie .......................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Zelfbeleving .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Stoornissen in het zelfbeeld..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Stoornissen in de lichaamservaring ......................................................................................... 9
2.4 Waarneming ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Sensorische vervormingen ...................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Illusies ..................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.3 Hallucinaties ............................................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Denken en geheugen ................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Formele denkstoornissen ...................................................................................................... 10
2.5.2 Inhoudelijke denkstoornissen ................................................................................................ 10
2.5.3 Stoornissen van geheugen en intelligentie ............................................................................ 10
2.6 Gevoelens en verlangen............................................................................................................... 11
2.6.1 Stoornissen in gevoelsleven .................................................................................................. 11
2.6.2 Stoornissen in verband met verlangen en wil ........................................................................ 11
3 Neurocognitieve stoornissen ............................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Delirium: dsm 5 criteria ................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.1 Epidemiologie ........................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.2 Voorkomen ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.3 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Dementie – DSM IV ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1 Etiologische subtypes ............................................................................................................ 12
3.2.2 Alzheimer type....................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Andere soorten dementie ...................................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Differentiële diagnose ............................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Amnestische stoornissen: dsm iv criteria ...................................................................................... 14
,4 Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen ................................................................................ 14
4.1 Stoornissen in het gebruik van een middel (dsm 5) ...................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Alcohol .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.2 Verslaving aan andere psychoactieve stoffen........................................................................ 17
4.1.3 Gokstoornis ........................................................................................................................... 18
5 Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen .................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Depressieve stoornis DSM 5 ........................................................................................................ 18
5.1.1 Soorten depressie ................................................................................................................. 19
6 Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Criteria manische episode dsm iv ................................................................................................. 19
6.2 Criteria manische episode dsm iv ................................................................................................. 19
6.3 Criteria hypomanische episode dsm iv ......................................................................................... 19
6.4 Criteria depressieve episode dsm iv ............................................................................................. 20
6.4.1 Epidemiologie en beloop ....................................................................................................... 20
6.4.2 Etiologie ................................................................................................................................ 20
6.4.3 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 20
7 Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 20
7.1 Paniekstoornis .............................................................................................................................. 20
7.2 Paniekaanval criteria dsm 5.......................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Paniekstoornis criteria dsm 5........................................................................................................ 21
7.4 Agorafobie .................................................................................................................................... 21
7.5 Sociale angststoornis (vroeger: sociale fobie) .............................................................................. 22
7.6 Specifieke fobie ............................................................................................................................ 22
7.7 Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis ................................................................................................... 22
8 Obsessieve- compulsieve en verwante stoornissen............................................................................. 23
8.1 Obsessief- compulsieve stoornis DSM 5 criteria ........................................................................... 23
8.2 Morfodysfore stoornis ................................................................................................................... 23
8.3 Verzamelstoornis.......................................................................................................................... 23
8.4 Trichotillomanie ............................................................................................................................ 23
8.5 Excoriatiestoornis ......................................................................................................................... 23
9 Trauma en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen....................................................................................... 24
9.1 Posttraumatische stressstoornis: criteria ...................................................................................... 24
9.1.1 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 24
10 Dissociatieve stoornissen ................................................................................................................. 25
10.1 Dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis criteria dsm 5 .............................................................................. 25
10.1.1 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 25
11 Somatische symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen ................................................................. 25
11.1 Somatische symptoomstoornis ..................................................................................................... 25
11.2 Conversiestoornis......................................................................................................................... 26
12 Eetstoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 26
12.1 Anorexia nervosa ......................................................................................................................... 26
12.2 Boulimia nervosa .......................................................................................................................... 26
12.2.1 Etiologie ................................................................................................................................ 27
2
, 12.2.2 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 27
12.3 Eetbuistoornis............................................................................................................................... 27
13 Seksuele stoornissen ....................................................................................................................... 27
13.1 Seksuele disfuncties ..................................................................................................................... 27
13.2 Parafilia ........................................................................................................................................ 27
13.3 Gender identiteitsstoornissen ....................................................................................................... 28
14 Slaap- waakstoornissen ................................................................................................................... 28
14.1 Periodes ....................................................................................................................................... 28
14.1.1 Non- rem slaap ...................................................................................................................... 28
14.1.2 REM- slaap ........................................................................................................................... 28
14.2 Slaappatroon ................................................................................................................................ 28
14.3 Dyssomnie ................................................................................................................................... 29
14.4 Parasomnia .................................................................................................................................. 29
15 Disruptieve, impulsbeheersing- en andere gedragsstoornissen ....................................................... 30
15.1 Stoornis in impulscontrole ............................................................................................................ 30
15.2 Kleptomanie ................................................................................................................................. 30
15.3 Pyromanie .................................................................................................................................... 31
15.4 Periodieke explosieve stoornis ..................................................................................................... 31
15.5 Normoverschrijdende gedragsstoornis ......................................................................................... 31
16 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ............................................................................................................. 31
16.1 Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................. 31
16.2 Specifieke persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ........................................................................................ 31
16.3 Algemene criteria voor phs ........................................................................................................... 32
16.4 Epidemiologie ............................................................................................................................... 32
16.5 Clusters ........................................................................................................................................ 32
16.5.1 Cluster A ............................................................................................................................... 32
16.5.2 Cluster B ............................................................................................................................... 34
16.5.3 Cluster C ............................................................................................................................... 35
16.6 Ps in de dsm 5.............................................................................................................................. 36
16.7 Algemene criteria ......................................................................................................................... 37
16.7.1 Niveau van persoonlijkheidsfunctioneren............................................................................... 37
16.7.2 Specifieke types van PHS ..................................................................................................... 37
16.7.3 Dimensioneel systeem voor maladaptieve persoonlijkheidstrekken ....................................... 37
17 Schizofreniespectrum en andere psychotische stoornissen ............................................................. 38
17.1 Dsm 5 schizofrenie ....................................................................................................................... 38
17.2 Soorten schizofrenie ..................................................................................................................... 39
17.2.1 Gedesorganiseerd type (vroegere hebefrenie) ...................................................................... 39
17.2.2 Katatone type ........................................................................................................................ 39
17.2.3 Ongedifferentieerde type ....................................................................................................... 39
17.2.4 Resttype ................................................................................................................................ 39
17.2.5 Paranoïde type ...................................................................................................................... 39
17.3 Verklaring schizofrenie ................................................................................................................. 40
17.4 Behandeling ................................................................................................................................. 40
3
, 17.5 Voorkomen ................................................................................................................................... 40
17.6 Prognose ...................................................................................................................................... 40
17.7 Andere psychotische stoornissen ................................................................................................. 40
17.7.1 Wat is een psychose? ........................................................................................................... 41
18 Mogelijke examenvragen ................................................................................................................. 41
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