Davis dAdvantage dBasic dNursing: dThinking, dDoing, dand dCaring d3rd dEdition
dTreas dWilkinson dTest dBank
Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
d d d d d d d
Multiple Choice d
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
d d d d d d d d d d d
1. What is the most influential factor that has shaped the nursing d d d d d d d d d d
profession? 1)
d d
Physicians need for handmaidens d d d
2)
d
Societal need for healthcare outside the home 3)
d d d d d d d
Military demand for nurses in the field 4)
d d d d d d d
Germ theory influence on sanitation ANS:
d d d d d d
3
d
Throughout the centuries, stability of the government has been related to the success of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
military to protect or extend its domain. As the survival and well-being of soldiers is critical,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nurses provided healthcare to the sick and injured at the battle site. The physicians handmaiden
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwas/is a nursing stereotype rather than an influence on nursing. Although there has been
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
need for healthcare outside the home throughout history, this has more influence on the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development of hospitals than on nursing; this need provided one more setting for nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
work. Germ theory and sanitation helped to improve healthcare but did not shape nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: dm 910 KEY: Nursing process: N/A Client need: N/A | Cognitive
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
level: Recall
d d
2. Which of the following is an example of an illness prevention activity? Select all d d d d d d d d d d d d d
that apply.
d d
1)
Encouraging the use of a food diary 2) d d d d d d d
Joining a cancer support group
d d d d
3)
d
Administering immunization for HPV 4) d d d d
Teaching a diabetic patient about his diet ANS: d d d d d d d
3
d
Administering immunization for HPV is an example of illness prevention. Although cancer is a d d d d d d d d d d d d d
disease, it is assumed that a person joining a support group would already have the disease;
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
therefore, this is not disease prevention but treatment. Illness-prevention activities focus on
d d d d d d d d d d d d
avoiding a specific disease. A food diary is a health-promotion activity. Teaching a diabetic
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
patient about diet is a treatment for diabetes; the patient already has diabetes, so it cannot
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
prevent diabetes.
d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 18; high-level question, not directly stated in text KEY: Nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
process: N/A | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Application
d d d d d d d d d d
3. Which of the following contributions of Florence Nightingale had an d d d d d d d d d
immediate impact on improving patients health?
d d d d d d
1)
Providing a clean environment d d d
2)
d
,Improving nursing education d d
3)
d
Changing the delivery of care in hospitals d d d d d d
4)
d
Establishing nursing as a distinct profession d d d d d
ANS: 1
d d
Improved sanitation (a clean environment) greatly and immediately reduced the rate of
d d d d d d d d d d d
infection and mortality in hospitals. The other responses are all activities of Florence
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nightingale that improved healthcare or nursing, but the impact is long range, not immediate.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: V1, p. 3; student must infer from content | V1, p. 10; student must
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
infer from content
d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Application
d d d d d d d d d d d
4. All of the following are aspects of the full-spectrum nursing role. Which one isd d d d d d d d d d d d d
essential for the nurse to do in order to successfully carry out all the others?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
1)
Thinking and reasoning about the clients care
d d d d d d
2)
d
Providing hands-on client care d d d
3)
d
Carrying out physician orders 4) d d d d
Delegating to assistive personnel d d d
ANS: 1
d d
A substantial portion of the nursing role involves using clinical judgment, critical thinking,
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and problem solving, which directly affect the care the client will actually receive. Providing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hands-on care is important; however, clinical judgment, critical thinking, and problem
d d d d d d d d d d d
solving are essential to do it successfully. Carrying out physician orders is a small part of a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nurses role; it, too, requires nursing assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation.
d d d d d d d d d d d
Many simple nursing tasks are being delegated to nursing assistive personnel; delegation
d d d d d d d d d d d d
requires careful analysis of patient status and the appropriateness of support personnel to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
deliver care. Another way to analyze this question is that none of the options of providing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hands-on care, carrying out physician orders, and delegating to assistive personnel is
d d d d d d d d d d d d
required for the nurse to think and reason about a clients care; so the answer must be 1.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIFifficultREF: p. 11 d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
5. Which statement pertaining to Benners practice model for clinical competence d d d d d d d d d
is true?
d
1)
Progression through the stages is constant, with most nurses reaching the proficient stage.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
2)
Progression through the stages involves continual development of thinking and technical
d d d d d d d d d d
skills.
d
3)
The nurse must have experience in many areas before being considered an expert. 4)
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The nurses progress through the stages is determined by years of experience and skills. ANS: 2
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Movement through the stages is not constant. Benners model is based on integration of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
,knowledge, technical skill, and intuition in the development of clinical wisdom. The model
d d d d d d d d d d d d
does not mention experience in many areas. The model does not mention years of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
experience.
d
PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 15 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
6. Which of the following best explains why it is difficult for the profession to d d d d d d d d d d d d d
develop a definition of nursing?
d d d d d
1)
There are too many different and conflicting images of nurses. 2)
d d d d d d d d d d
There are constant changes in healthcare and the activities of nurses. 3)
d d d d d d d d d d d
There is disagreement among the different nursing organizations. 4)
d d d d d d d d
There are different education pathways and levels of practice.
d d d d d d d d
ANS: 2
d d
The conflicting images of nursing make it more important to develop a definition; they may
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
also make it more difficult, but not to the extent that constant change does.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Healthcare is constantly changing and with it come changes in where, how, and what nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
care is delivered. Constant changes make it difficult to develop a definition. Although
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
different nursing organizations have different definitions, they are similar in most ways. The
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
different education pathways affect entry into practice, not the definition of nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 11; How Is Nursing Defined?
d d d d d d d d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
7. Nurses have the potential to be very influential in shaping healthcare d d d d d d d d d d
policy. Which of the following factors contributes most to nurses influence?
d d d d d d d d d d d
1)
Nurses are the largest health professional group. 2)
d d d d d d d
Nurses have a long history of serving the public. 3)
d d d d d d d d d
Nurses have achieved some independence from physicians in recent years. 4)
d d d d d d d d d d
Political involvement has helped refute negative images portrayed in the media.
d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: 1
d d
Nurses are trusted professionals and the largest health professional group. As such, they have
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
political power to effect changes. If nursing were a small group, there would be little
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
potential for power in shaping policies, even if all the other answers were true.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Serving the public, while positive, does not necessarily help nurses to be influential in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
establishing health policy. Independence from physicians, although positive, does not
d d d d d d d d d d
necessarily make nurses influential in establishing healthcare policy. Refuting negative
d d d d d d d d d d
media, although positive, does not necessarily make nurses influential in establishing
d d d d d d d d d d d
healthcare policy.
d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 21
d d d d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
8. Nursing was described as a distinct occupation in the sacred books of d d d d d d d d d d d
which faith?
d d
1)
, Buddhism
2)
d
Christianity
3)
d
Hinduism
4)
d
Judaism
ANS: 3
d d
The Vedas, the sacred books of the Hindu faith, described Indian healthcare practices and were
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the earliest writings of a distinct nursing occupation.
d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
9. The American Red Cross was established d d d d d
by 1)
d
Louisa MayAlcott 2) d d d
Clara Barton
d d
3)
DorotheaDix d
4)
d
HarrietTubman d
ANS: 2
d d
Clara Barton was an American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian who organized the American
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Red Cross after the Civil War. Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist who wrote
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Little Women in 1868. Dorothea Dix was an American activist who acted on behalf of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
indigent population with mental illness. She was credited for establishing the first psychiatric
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
institution. Harriet Tubman was an African American abolitionist and Union spy during the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Civil War. After escaping captivity, she set up a network of antislavery activists, known as the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Underground Railroad.
d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
10. Which of the following is the most important reason to develop a definition of d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing?
d
1)
Recruit more informed people into the nursing profession 2)
d d d d d d d d
Evaluate the degree of role satisfaction 3) d d d d d d
Dispel the stereotypical images of nurses and nursing 4)
d d d d d d d d
Differentiate nursing activities from those of other health professionals ANS: 4 d d d d d d d d d d
Nursing organization leaders think it is important to develop a definition of nursing to bring
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
value and understanding to the profession, differentiate nursing activities from those of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
other health professionals, and help student nurses understand what is expected of them. A
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
definition of nursing would not be likely to increase the number of informed people
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
recruited into nursing. A definition of nursing would do little to improve the nurses role
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
satisfaction. Although a definition of nursing might contribute to fighting stereotypes of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing, other, more powerful influences (e.g., media portrayals) exist to counteract it.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:V1, dm 1113; students must infer from content KEY: Nursing d d d d d d d d d
process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d
dTreas dWilkinson dTest dBank
Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action
d d d d d d d
Multiple Choice d
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
d d d d d d d d d d d
1. What is the most influential factor that has shaped the nursing d d d d d d d d d d
profession? 1)
d d
Physicians need for handmaidens d d d
2)
d
Societal need for healthcare outside the home 3)
d d d d d d d
Military demand for nurses in the field 4)
d d d d d d d
Germ theory influence on sanitation ANS:
d d d d d d
3
d
Throughout the centuries, stability of the government has been related to the success of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
military to protect or extend its domain. As the survival and well-being of soldiers is critical,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nurses provided healthcare to the sick and injured at the battle site. The physicians handmaiden
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwas/is a nursing stereotype rather than an influence on nursing. Although there has been
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
need for healthcare outside the home throughout history, this has more influence on the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development of hospitals than on nursing; this need provided one more setting for nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
work. Germ theory and sanitation helped to improve healthcare but did not shape nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: dm 910 KEY: Nursing process: N/A Client need: N/A | Cognitive
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
level: Recall
d d
2. Which of the following is an example of an illness prevention activity? Select all d d d d d d d d d d d d d
that apply.
d d
1)
Encouraging the use of a food diary 2) d d d d d d d
Joining a cancer support group
d d d d
3)
d
Administering immunization for HPV 4) d d d d
Teaching a diabetic patient about his diet ANS: d d d d d d d
3
d
Administering immunization for HPV is an example of illness prevention. Although cancer is a d d d d d d d d d d d d d
disease, it is assumed that a person joining a support group would already have the disease;
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
therefore, this is not disease prevention but treatment. Illness-prevention activities focus on
d d d d d d d d d d d d
avoiding a specific disease. A food diary is a health-promotion activity. Teaching a diabetic
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
patient about diet is a treatment for diabetes; the patient already has diabetes, so it cannot
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
prevent diabetes.
d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 18; high-level question, not directly stated in text KEY: Nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
process: N/A | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Application
d d d d d d d d d d
3. Which of the following contributions of Florence Nightingale had an d d d d d d d d d
immediate impact on improving patients health?
d d d d d d
1)
Providing a clean environment d d d
2)
d
,Improving nursing education d d
3)
d
Changing the delivery of care in hospitals d d d d d d
4)
d
Establishing nursing as a distinct profession d d d d d
ANS: 1
d d
Improved sanitation (a clean environment) greatly and immediately reduced the rate of
d d d d d d d d d d d
infection and mortality in hospitals. The other responses are all activities of Florence
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nightingale that improved healthcare or nursing, but the impact is long range, not immediate.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: V1, p. 3; student must infer from content | V1, p. 10; student must
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
infer from content
d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Application
d d d d d d d d d d d
4. All of the following are aspects of the full-spectrum nursing role. Which one isd d d d d d d d d d d d d
essential for the nurse to do in order to successfully carry out all the others?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
1)
Thinking and reasoning about the clients care
d d d d d d
2)
d
Providing hands-on client care d d d
3)
d
Carrying out physician orders 4) d d d d
Delegating to assistive personnel d d d
ANS: 1
d d
A substantial portion of the nursing role involves using clinical judgment, critical thinking,
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and problem solving, which directly affect the care the client will actually receive. Providing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hands-on care is important; however, clinical judgment, critical thinking, and problem
d d d d d d d d d d d
solving are essential to do it successfully. Carrying out physician orders is a small part of a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nurses role; it, too, requires nursing assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation.
d d d d d d d d d d d
Many simple nursing tasks are being delegated to nursing assistive personnel; delegation
d d d d d d d d d d d d
requires careful analysis of patient status and the appropriateness of support personnel to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
deliver care. Another way to analyze this question is that none of the options of providing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hands-on care, carrying out physician orders, and delegating to assistive personnel is
d d d d d d d d d d d d
required for the nurse to think and reason about a clients care; so the answer must be 1.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIFifficultREF: p. 11 d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
5. Which statement pertaining to Benners practice model for clinical competence d d d d d d d d d
is true?
d
1)
Progression through the stages is constant, with most nurses reaching the proficient stage.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
2)
Progression through the stages involves continual development of thinking and technical
d d d d d d d d d d
skills.
d
3)
The nurse must have experience in many areas before being considered an expert. 4)
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The nurses progress through the stages is determined by years of experience and skills. ANS: 2
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Movement through the stages is not constant. Benners model is based on integration of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
,knowledge, technical skill, and intuition in the development of clinical wisdom. The model
d d d d d d d d d d d d
does not mention experience in many areas. The model does not mention years of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
experience.
d
PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 15 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
6. Which of the following best explains why it is difficult for the profession to d d d d d d d d d d d d d
develop a definition of nursing?
d d d d d
1)
There are too many different and conflicting images of nurses. 2)
d d d d d d d d d d
There are constant changes in healthcare and the activities of nurses. 3)
d d d d d d d d d d d
There is disagreement among the different nursing organizations. 4)
d d d d d d d d
There are different education pathways and levels of practice.
d d d d d d d d
ANS: 2
d d
The conflicting images of nursing make it more important to develop a definition; they may
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
also make it more difficult, but not to the extent that constant change does.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Healthcare is constantly changing and with it come changes in where, how, and what nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
care is delivered. Constant changes make it difficult to develop a definition. Although
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
different nursing organizations have different definitions, they are similar in most ways. The
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
different education pathways affect entry into practice, not the definition of nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 11; How Is Nursing Defined?
d d d d d d d d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
7. Nurses have the potential to be very influential in shaping healthcare d d d d d d d d d d
policy. Which of the following factors contributes most to nurses influence?
d d d d d d d d d d d
1)
Nurses are the largest health professional group. 2)
d d d d d d d
Nurses have a long history of serving the public. 3)
d d d d d d d d d
Nurses have achieved some independence from physicians in recent years. 4)
d d d d d d d d d d
Political involvement has helped refute negative images portrayed in the media.
d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: 1
d d
Nurses are trusted professionals and the largest health professional group. As such, they have
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
political power to effect changes. If nursing were a small group, there would be little
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
potential for power in shaping policies, even if all the other answers were true.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Serving the public, while positive, does not necessarily help nurses to be influential in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
establishing health policy. Independence from physicians, although positive, does not
d d d d d d d d d d
necessarily make nurses influential in establishing healthcare policy. Refuting negative
d d d d d d d d d d
media, although positive, does not necessarily make nurses influential in establishing
d d d d d d d d d d d
healthcare policy.
d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 21
d d d d d d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
d d d d d d d d d d d
8. Nursing was described as a distinct occupation in the sacred books of d d d d d d d d d d d
which faith?
d d
1)
, Buddhism
2)
d
Christianity
3)
d
Hinduism
4)
d
Judaism
ANS: 3
d d
The Vedas, the sacred books of the Hindu faith, described Indian healthcare practices and were
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the earliest writings of a distinct nursing occupation.
d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
9. The American Red Cross was established d d d d d
by 1)
d
Louisa MayAlcott 2) d d d
Clara Barton
d d
3)
DorotheaDix d
4)
d
HarrietTubman d
ANS: 2
d d
Clara Barton was an American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian who organized the American
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Red Cross after the Civil War. Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist who wrote
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Little Women in 1868. Dorothea Dix was an American activist who acted on behalf of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
indigent population with mental illness. She was credited for establishing the first psychiatric
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
institution. Harriet Tubman was an African American abolitionist and Union spy during the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Civil War. After escaping captivity, she set up a network of antislavery activists, known as the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Underground Railroad.
d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10 d
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d d
10. Which of the following is the most important reason to develop a definition of d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing?
d
1)
Recruit more informed people into the nursing profession 2)
d d d d d d d d
Evaluate the degree of role satisfaction 3) d d d d d d
Dispel the stereotypical images of nurses and nursing 4)
d d d d d d d d
Differentiate nursing activities from those of other health professionals ANS: 4 d d d d d d d d d d
Nursing organization leaders think it is important to develop a definition of nursing to bring
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
value and understanding to the profession, differentiate nursing activities from those of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
other health professionals, and help student nurses understand what is expected of them. A
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
definition of nursing would not be likely to increase the number of informed people
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
recruited into nursing. A definition of nursing would do little to improve the nurses role
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
satisfaction. Although a definition of nursing might contribute to fighting stereotypes of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing, other, more powerful influences (e.g., media portrayals) exist to counteract it.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:V1, dm 1113; students must infer from content KEY: Nursing d d d d d d d d d
process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
d d d d d d d d d d
