3️⃣
From The Early Modern Times to the
Industrial Revolution
Chapter https://quizlet.com/be/1021828450/from-early-modern-times-to-the-industrial-
URL revolution-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=89f7e8a3-ff64-474b-9213-a999061d70b1
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2.Setting the Scene
2.1 Fall of the Byzantine Empire
2.2 The Renaissance
2.3 The Rise of Stronger States
2.4 Role of Religion
3.Mercantilism
3.1 What is Mercantilism?
4.The Age of Exploration & the Rise of Commerce
4.1 Age of Exploration
2.Setting the Scene
⇒ The period from 1450- end of 18th century was marked by many major political, cultural & economic
changes
2.1 Fall of the Byzantine Empire
⇒ The Byzantine Empire fell after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453,
Constantinople is now Istanbul
Why did it fall?
⇒ Internal strife, economic difficulties & external pressures
e.g. Crusaders or neighboring Arab countries
Geopolitical consequences
→ Many refugees going to the ‘West’ which influences ‘Rennaissance
→ Ottomans now controlled trade routes between Europe & Asia. This led to shift in in trade routes & the
development of alternative trade routes
2.2 The Renaissance
⇒ It’s the period in time that marks the transition from the Middle Ages to ‘Modernity’, it is characterized
by an effort to revive the ideas & achievements of Classical Antiquity
⇒ This led to a great social change in economics, art, architecture, politics,… by many famous people
e.g. Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo, Copernicus,…
Where did it start?
From The Early Modern Times to the Industrial Revolution 1
, ⇒ It started in the Republic of Florence, then spread out to the rest of italy and eventually throughout
Europe
Why there?
The classical heritage of Rome
→ the rediscovery of classic texts like Codex Justinianus
Fragmented political power led to competition & innovation
economic prosperity due to trade
Humanism & the loss of influence of the Church
Humanism
= An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical antiquity and
placed a high value on human potential and achievement
2.3 The Rise of Stronger States
⇒ Between 1450-1700, Monarchs increased their power, this reduced feudal lords influence, making
stronger states
The church lost influence
professional armies replace feudal levies, which strengthened state control
More efficient tax collection funds administration & military
Creation of a more common identity
→ Language, culture & religion lead to national unity
Unification of countries like England, France, Spain,…
1. France
⇒ France was an absolute monarchy, power was centralized under the king like Louis XIV
→ He revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, this meant that the protestant were forced to unify under
catholicism
⇒ However, France went through some costly wars which drained the resources and they taxed the
peasant heavily while nobles remained privileged. These economic struggles & social unrest led to the
French Revolution
From The Early Modern Times to the Industrial Revolution 2
From The Early Modern Times to the
Industrial Revolution
Chapter https://quizlet.com/be/1021828450/from-early-modern-times-to-the-industrial-
URL revolution-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=89f7e8a3-ff64-474b-9213-a999061d70b1
Finished
Multi-
lecture
select
2.Setting the Scene
2.1 Fall of the Byzantine Empire
2.2 The Renaissance
2.3 The Rise of Stronger States
2.4 Role of Religion
3.Mercantilism
3.1 What is Mercantilism?
4.The Age of Exploration & the Rise of Commerce
4.1 Age of Exploration
2.Setting the Scene
⇒ The period from 1450- end of 18th century was marked by many major political, cultural & economic
changes
2.1 Fall of the Byzantine Empire
⇒ The Byzantine Empire fell after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453,
Constantinople is now Istanbul
Why did it fall?
⇒ Internal strife, economic difficulties & external pressures
e.g. Crusaders or neighboring Arab countries
Geopolitical consequences
→ Many refugees going to the ‘West’ which influences ‘Rennaissance
→ Ottomans now controlled trade routes between Europe & Asia. This led to shift in in trade routes & the
development of alternative trade routes
2.2 The Renaissance
⇒ It’s the period in time that marks the transition from the Middle Ages to ‘Modernity’, it is characterized
by an effort to revive the ideas & achievements of Classical Antiquity
⇒ This led to a great social change in economics, art, architecture, politics,… by many famous people
e.g. Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo, Copernicus,…
Where did it start?
From The Early Modern Times to the Industrial Revolution 1
, ⇒ It started in the Republic of Florence, then spread out to the rest of italy and eventually throughout
Europe
Why there?
The classical heritage of Rome
→ the rediscovery of classic texts like Codex Justinianus
Fragmented political power led to competition & innovation
economic prosperity due to trade
Humanism & the loss of influence of the Church
Humanism
= An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical antiquity and
placed a high value on human potential and achievement
2.3 The Rise of Stronger States
⇒ Between 1450-1700, Monarchs increased their power, this reduced feudal lords influence, making
stronger states
The church lost influence
professional armies replace feudal levies, which strengthened state control
More efficient tax collection funds administration & military
Creation of a more common identity
→ Language, culture & religion lead to national unity
Unification of countries like England, France, Spain,…
1. France
⇒ France was an absolute monarchy, power was centralized under the king like Louis XIV
→ He revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, this meant that the protestant were forced to unify under
catholicism
⇒ However, France went through some costly wars which drained the resources and they taxed the
peasant heavily while nobles remained privileged. These economic struggles & social unrest led to the
French Revolution
From The Early Modern Times to the Industrial Revolution 2
