Intelligentie
Inhoud
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Definitie............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Theoretische definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Operationele definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Structuur .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Eén intelligentie of meerdere soorten intelligentie? ...................................................................................................... 2
CHC-model (!) ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Vloeiende intelligentie (Gf) ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Kwantitatieve kennis (Gq) ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Gekristalliseerde intelligentie (Gc) .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Lezen en schrijven (Grw)............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Kortetermijngeheugen (Gsm)...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Visuele informatieverwerking (Gv) .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Auditieve informatieverwerking (Ga) .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Langetermijngeheugen (Glr) ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Verwerkingssnelheid (Gs) ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Reactiesnelheid (Gt) ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Schatting van G (algemeen niveau) ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Eerste golf..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Tweede golf .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Derde golf ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Vierde golf .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Overzicht ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Erfelijkheid en omgeving................................................................................................................................... 8
Nature vs nurture.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Erfelijkheid vs omgeving ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Tweelingenonderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Groepsverschillen ............................................................................................................................................10
Generatie: Flynn-effect ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Belang Flynn-effect....................................................................................................................................................................10
Leeftijd ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Geslacht...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Geslacht en CHC ........................................................................................................................................................................12
Mogelijke verklaringen ..............................................................................................................................................................12
Bevolkingsgroepen ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Mogelijke verklaringen ..............................................................................................................................................................13
Bedenkingen .............................................................................................................................................................................13
Besluit groepsverschillen ...........................................................................................................................................................13
, Inleiding
Intelligentie…
is van belang bij alledaagse beslissingen
is een belangrijke voorspeller van o.a.
o schoolse prestaties (30 tot 70% wordt bepaald door cognitieve factoren)
o job prestaties
Definitie
Theoretische definitie
~Binet & Simon
“Bien Juger, bien comprendre, bien raisonner, ce sont les ressort essentiels de l’intelligence. »
~Terman
« An individual is intelligent in proportion as he is able to caary on abstract thinking.
~Wechsler
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to
deal effectively with his environment.”
Operationele definitie
“Intelligentie is datgene wat een intelligentietest meet.”
Structuur
Eén intelligentie of meerdere soorten intelligentie?
Spearman:
Individuele scores op verschillende testen vertoonden dikwijls een hoge correlatie. De resultaten per persoon
leken altijd allemaal eerder hoog of allemaal eerder laag te zijn.
een algemene, gemeenschappelijke component: de g-factor.
= 1 intelligentie
Thurstone
De g-factor is het gevolg van de statistische methode die hij gebruikte.
Thurstone vond 7 onafhankelijke factoren -> Primary Mental Abilities:
redeneren
verbaal begrip
woordvlotheid
rekenen
ruimtelijk voorstellingsvermogen
associatief geheugen
perceptuele snelheid
De 7 factoren van primaire mentale mogelijkheden bepalen prestatie > g-factor bepaalt prestatie
= meerdere intelligentiefactoren die gedrag verklaren
Inhoud
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Definitie............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Theoretische definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Operationele definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Structuur .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Eén intelligentie of meerdere soorten intelligentie? ...................................................................................................... 2
CHC-model (!) ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Vloeiende intelligentie (Gf) ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Kwantitatieve kennis (Gq) ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Gekristalliseerde intelligentie (Gc) .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Lezen en schrijven (Grw)............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Kortetermijngeheugen (Gsm)...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Visuele informatieverwerking (Gv) .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Auditieve informatieverwerking (Ga) .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Langetermijngeheugen (Glr) ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Verwerkingssnelheid (Gs) ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Reactiesnelheid (Gt) ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Schatting van G (algemeen niveau) ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Eerste golf..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Tweede golf .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Derde golf ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Vierde golf .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Overzicht ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Erfelijkheid en omgeving................................................................................................................................... 8
Nature vs nurture.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Erfelijkheid vs omgeving ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Tweelingenonderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Groepsverschillen ............................................................................................................................................10
Generatie: Flynn-effect ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Belang Flynn-effect....................................................................................................................................................................10
Leeftijd ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Geslacht...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Geslacht en CHC ........................................................................................................................................................................12
Mogelijke verklaringen ..............................................................................................................................................................12
Bevolkingsgroepen ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Mogelijke verklaringen ..............................................................................................................................................................13
Bedenkingen .............................................................................................................................................................................13
Besluit groepsverschillen ...........................................................................................................................................................13
, Inleiding
Intelligentie…
is van belang bij alledaagse beslissingen
is een belangrijke voorspeller van o.a.
o schoolse prestaties (30 tot 70% wordt bepaald door cognitieve factoren)
o job prestaties
Definitie
Theoretische definitie
~Binet & Simon
“Bien Juger, bien comprendre, bien raisonner, ce sont les ressort essentiels de l’intelligence. »
~Terman
« An individual is intelligent in proportion as he is able to caary on abstract thinking.
~Wechsler
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to
deal effectively with his environment.”
Operationele definitie
“Intelligentie is datgene wat een intelligentietest meet.”
Structuur
Eén intelligentie of meerdere soorten intelligentie?
Spearman:
Individuele scores op verschillende testen vertoonden dikwijls een hoge correlatie. De resultaten per persoon
leken altijd allemaal eerder hoog of allemaal eerder laag te zijn.
een algemene, gemeenschappelijke component: de g-factor.
= 1 intelligentie
Thurstone
De g-factor is het gevolg van de statistische methode die hij gebruikte.
Thurstone vond 7 onafhankelijke factoren -> Primary Mental Abilities:
redeneren
verbaal begrip
woordvlotheid
rekenen
ruimtelijk voorstellingsvermogen
associatief geheugen
perceptuele snelheid
De 7 factoren van primaire mentale mogelijkheden bepalen prestatie > g-factor bepaalt prestatie
= meerdere intelligentiefactoren die gedrag verklaren
