Organische chemie
Inhoud
1. Situering en algemene begrippen ......................................................................................5
1.1 Situering van de organische chemie ..........................................................................5
1.2 Bindingen en (partiële) ladingen in organische verbindingen ......................................5
1.2.1 Polariteit van covalente bindingen.........................................................................5
1.2.2 Dipoolmoment .....................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Potentiaalmap .....................................................................................................6
1.3 Oxidatietoestand van koolstof in organische verbindingen .........................................6
1.4 Ruimtelijke bouw rond C: Bindingshoeken ................................................................6
1.4.1 Sp3 gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom.........................................................................6
1.4.2 Sp2 gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom.........................................................................7
1.4.3 Sp gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom ..........................................................................7
1.4.4 Carbokationen, carbanionen en radicalen: koolstofatomen die GEEN vier bindingen
aangaan ...........................................................................................................................7
1.5 Voorstelling van de structuur van een organische verbinding......................................7
2. Nomenclatuur van organische verbindingen ......................................................................7
2.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................7
2.2 Alkanen ...................................................................................................................7
2.3 Cycloalkanen ...........................................................................................................9
2.4 Alkenen ...................................................................................................................9
2.5 Alkynen ................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Alkylhalogeniden ................................................................................................... 10
2.7 Alcoholen .............................................................................................................. 11
2.8 Thiolen of mercaptanen ......................................................................................... 11
2.9 Ethers .................................................................................................................... 11
2.10 Aminen .................................................................................................................. 12
2.11 Nitrillen ................................................................................................................. 12
2.12 Carbonzuren.......................................................................................................... 12
2.13 Esters .................................................................................................................... 13
2.14 Zuuranhydriden...................................................................................................... 13
2.15 Acylhalogeniden .................................................................................................... 13
2.16 Amiden .................................................................................................................. 14
2.17 Aldehyden ............................................................................................................. 14
2.18 Ketonen ................................................................................................................. 14
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Inhoud
1. Situering en algemene begrippen ......................................................................................5
1.1 Situering van de organische chemie ..........................................................................5
1.2 Bindingen en (partiële) ladingen in organische verbindingen ......................................5
1.2.1 Polariteit van covalente bindingen.........................................................................5
1.2.2 Dipoolmoment .....................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Potentiaalmap .....................................................................................................6
1.3 Oxidatietoestand van koolstof in organische verbindingen .........................................6
1.4 Ruimtelijke bouw rond C: Bindingshoeken ................................................................6
1.4.1 Sp3 gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom.........................................................................6
1.4.2 Sp2 gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom.........................................................................7
1.4.3 Sp gehybridiseerd koolstofatoom ..........................................................................7
1.4.4 Carbokationen, carbanionen en radicalen: koolstofatomen die GEEN vier bindingen
aangaan ...........................................................................................................................7
1.5 Voorstelling van de structuur van een organische verbinding......................................7
2. Nomenclatuur van organische verbindingen ......................................................................7
2.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................7
2.2 Alkanen ...................................................................................................................7
2.3 Cycloalkanen ...........................................................................................................9
2.4 Alkenen ...................................................................................................................9
2.5 Alkynen ................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Alkylhalogeniden ................................................................................................... 10
2.7 Alcoholen .............................................................................................................. 11
2.8 Thiolen of mercaptanen ......................................................................................... 11
2.9 Ethers .................................................................................................................... 11
2.10 Aminen .................................................................................................................. 12
2.11 Nitrillen ................................................................................................................. 12
2.12 Carbonzuren.......................................................................................................... 12
2.13 Esters .................................................................................................................... 13
2.14 Zuuranhydriden...................................................................................................... 13
2.15 Acylhalogeniden .................................................................................................... 13
2.16 Amiden .................................................................................................................. 14
2.17 Aldehyden ............................................................................................................. 14
2.18 Ketonen ................................................................................................................. 14
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