Materiaalkunde 1 samenvatting
Inhoud
Materiaalkunde 1 samenvatting.........................................................................................................1
Materiaalkunde 1:..............................................................................................................................7
Materiaalkunde 2:..............................................................................................................................7
Legering (Alliage)................................................................................................................................7
Benamingen:......................................................................................................................................7
Presentatie H1,H2,H3:............................................................................................................................8
Doelstelling:........................................................................................................................................8
Basis materialen:................................................................................................................................8
Bouwstenen van materie....................................................................................................................8
Materialen..........................................................................................................................................8
Element..........................................................................................................................................8
Verbinding......................................................................................................................................8
Mengsel..........................................................................................................................................8
Periodiek systeem van de elementen.................................................................................................8
Soorten bindingen:.............................................................................................................................8
Covelente binding...........................................................................................................................9
Ion binding......................................................................................................................................9
Metaalbinding................................................................................................................................9
Kristalstructuren H2............................................................................................................................9
Kristallijn (geordend)......................................................................................................................9
Amorf (niet geordend/chaos).........................................................................................................9
Kristalstructuren.................................................................................................................................9
Korrelgrenzen...................................................................................................................................10
Kenmerken metaal...........................................................................................................................10
Trekspanning (kapot trekken).......................................................................................................10
Schuifspanning (permanent deformeren)-...................................................................................10
Roosterfouten:.................................................................................................................................10
Eigenschappen:.................................................................................................................................11
Keramiek...........................................................................................................................................11
Polymeren (kunststoffen).................................................................................................................12
Thermoharders (thermosets).......................................................................................................12
Thermoplasten.............................................................................................................................12
Rubbers........................................................................................................................................12
, Elastomeren..................................................................................................................................12
Composieten (gewapende kunststoffen)......................................................................................12
Doelstellingen H3.............................................................................................................................13
Eigenschappen:.................................................................................................................................13
Materiaaleigenschappen overzicht:.................................................................................................14
Genormeerde proeven.....................................................................................................................14
Fysisch:.........................................................................................................................................14
Chemisch:.....................................................................................................................................14
Mechanisch:.................................................................................................................................14
Productietechnisch:......................................................................................................................14
Microstructuuronderzoek.............................................................................................................15
Antwoorden op de vragen week 2:......................................................................................................15
Stick slip:...........................................................................................................................................15
0.2% rekgrens:..................................................................................................................................15
Spanning concentraties:...................................................................................................................15
Soctrative toets: 67%....................................................................................................................15
Presentatie H4, H5................................................................................................................................16
Overzicht van mechanische eigenschappen:....................................................................................16
De elasticiteitsmodulus is een belangrijke eigenschap van het materiaal....................................16
Wat is mechanische spanning?.....................................................................................................16
Soorten spanning:.............................................................................................................................16
Doordat je verschillende soorten spanningen hebt moet je opletten:.........................................17
Spanning concentraties....................................................................................................................18
Mechanische proeven:.....................................................................................................................18
Trekproef......................................................................................................................................18
Slagproef.......................................................................................................................................18
Hardheidsmeting..........................................................................................................................18
Trekproef..........................................................................................................................................18
De eigenschappen van de trekkromme............................................................................................20
Genormeerde proeven.....................................................................................................................22
Hardheidsmeting..............................................................................................................................22
Kerfslagproef....................................................................................................................................23
Vermoeiingsproef.............................................................................................................................23
Kruipproef........................................................................................................................................24
Tribologie H5........................................................................................................................................24
Wrijving H5...........................................................................................................................................24
, Wrijving (gewenst):..........................................................................................................................24
Wrijving (ongewenste):....................................................................................................................24
Wrijving............................................................................................................................................24
Contactmechanica............................................................................................................................25
Meting wrijving.................................................................................................................................25
Wrijving verminderen.......................................................................................................................25
Smeren.............................................................................................................................................25
Smeermiddelen:...........................................................................................................................25
Lagers...............................................................................................................................................26
Glijlagers (2 oppervlakken)...........................................................................................................26
Rolcontactlagers (2 oppervlakken gescheiden door rollend element).........................................26
Erosie & slijtage....................................................................................................................................27
Definitie van slijtage:........................................................................................................................27
Erosie:...............................................................................................................................................27
Slijtage:.........................................................................................................................................27
Soorten erosie:.................................................................................................................................28
Vastedeeltjeserosie......................................................................................................................28
Sliberosie......................................................................................................................................28
Cavitatie........................................................................................................................................28
Druppelslagerosie.........................................................................................................................28
Vloeistoferosie..............................................................................................................................28
Soorten slijtage:................................................................................................................................28
Adhesie.............................................................................................................................................28
Abrasie..............................................................................................................................................29
Lagespanningabrasie....................................................................................................................29
Polijsten........................................................................................................................................29
Oppervlaktevermoeiing....................................................................................................................29
Puntvorming.................................................................................................................................29
Stootslijtage..................................................................................................................................29
Versplinteren................................................................................................................................29
Brinelling.......................................................................................................................................29
Presentatie H6......................................................................................................................................29
Doelstelling:......................................................................................................................................29
Definitie:...........................................................................................................................................30
Gevolgen:.........................................................................................................................................30
Sectoren:......................................................................................................................................30
, Aard corrosie........................................................................................................................................30
Metalen............................................................................................................................................30
Kunststoffen.....................................................................................................................................30
Keramiek...........................................................................................................................................30
Electrochemie...................................................................................................................................31
Zout en water...............................................................................................................................31
IJzer in zoutzuur............................................................................................................................31
Model corrosie.................................................................................................................................31
Oxidatie:.......................................................................................................................................31
Reductie:.......................................................................................................................................31
Standaardpotentialen.......................................................................................................................31
Model corrosie.................................................................................................................................33
Basis kenmerken van corrosie:.....................................................................................................33
Invloedfactoren................................................................................................................................33
Soorten corrosie...............................................................................................................................33
Gelijkmatige corrosie....................................................................................................................33
Putcorrosie...................................................................................................................................33
Spleetcorrosie...............................................................................................................................34
Galvanische corrosie.....................................................................................................................34
Spanningscorrosie........................................................................................................................34
Interkristallijne corrosie................................................................................................................34
Selectieve corrosie........................................................................................................................34
Erosie of corrosie Tentamenstof...................................................................................................34
Nog meer soorten corrosie: Tentamenstof......................................................................................35
Loogbrosheid................................................................................................................................35
Corrosievermoeiing......................................................................................................................35
Corrosie onder afzettingen...........................................................................................................35
Afbladdering.................................................................................................................................35
Filiformide corrosie.......................................................................................................................35
Zwerfstroomcorrosie....................................................................................................................35
Microbiologische corrosie............................................................................................................35
Vaststellen van corrosie....................................................................................................................35
Corrosiewering.................................................................................................................................36
Materiaalkeuze.................................................................................................................................36
Omgeving.........................................................................................................................................36
Ontwerp...........................................................................................................................................36
Inhoud
Materiaalkunde 1 samenvatting.........................................................................................................1
Materiaalkunde 1:..............................................................................................................................7
Materiaalkunde 2:..............................................................................................................................7
Legering (Alliage)................................................................................................................................7
Benamingen:......................................................................................................................................7
Presentatie H1,H2,H3:............................................................................................................................8
Doelstelling:........................................................................................................................................8
Basis materialen:................................................................................................................................8
Bouwstenen van materie....................................................................................................................8
Materialen..........................................................................................................................................8
Element..........................................................................................................................................8
Verbinding......................................................................................................................................8
Mengsel..........................................................................................................................................8
Periodiek systeem van de elementen.................................................................................................8
Soorten bindingen:.............................................................................................................................8
Covelente binding...........................................................................................................................9
Ion binding......................................................................................................................................9
Metaalbinding................................................................................................................................9
Kristalstructuren H2............................................................................................................................9
Kristallijn (geordend)......................................................................................................................9
Amorf (niet geordend/chaos).........................................................................................................9
Kristalstructuren.................................................................................................................................9
Korrelgrenzen...................................................................................................................................10
Kenmerken metaal...........................................................................................................................10
Trekspanning (kapot trekken).......................................................................................................10
Schuifspanning (permanent deformeren)-...................................................................................10
Roosterfouten:.................................................................................................................................10
Eigenschappen:.................................................................................................................................11
Keramiek...........................................................................................................................................11
Polymeren (kunststoffen).................................................................................................................12
Thermoharders (thermosets).......................................................................................................12
Thermoplasten.............................................................................................................................12
Rubbers........................................................................................................................................12
, Elastomeren..................................................................................................................................12
Composieten (gewapende kunststoffen)......................................................................................12
Doelstellingen H3.............................................................................................................................13
Eigenschappen:.................................................................................................................................13
Materiaaleigenschappen overzicht:.................................................................................................14
Genormeerde proeven.....................................................................................................................14
Fysisch:.........................................................................................................................................14
Chemisch:.....................................................................................................................................14
Mechanisch:.................................................................................................................................14
Productietechnisch:......................................................................................................................14
Microstructuuronderzoek.............................................................................................................15
Antwoorden op de vragen week 2:......................................................................................................15
Stick slip:...........................................................................................................................................15
0.2% rekgrens:..................................................................................................................................15
Spanning concentraties:...................................................................................................................15
Soctrative toets: 67%....................................................................................................................15
Presentatie H4, H5................................................................................................................................16
Overzicht van mechanische eigenschappen:....................................................................................16
De elasticiteitsmodulus is een belangrijke eigenschap van het materiaal....................................16
Wat is mechanische spanning?.....................................................................................................16
Soorten spanning:.............................................................................................................................16
Doordat je verschillende soorten spanningen hebt moet je opletten:.........................................17
Spanning concentraties....................................................................................................................18
Mechanische proeven:.....................................................................................................................18
Trekproef......................................................................................................................................18
Slagproef.......................................................................................................................................18
Hardheidsmeting..........................................................................................................................18
Trekproef..........................................................................................................................................18
De eigenschappen van de trekkromme............................................................................................20
Genormeerde proeven.....................................................................................................................22
Hardheidsmeting..............................................................................................................................22
Kerfslagproef....................................................................................................................................23
Vermoeiingsproef.............................................................................................................................23
Kruipproef........................................................................................................................................24
Tribologie H5........................................................................................................................................24
Wrijving H5...........................................................................................................................................24
, Wrijving (gewenst):..........................................................................................................................24
Wrijving (ongewenste):....................................................................................................................24
Wrijving............................................................................................................................................24
Contactmechanica............................................................................................................................25
Meting wrijving.................................................................................................................................25
Wrijving verminderen.......................................................................................................................25
Smeren.............................................................................................................................................25
Smeermiddelen:...........................................................................................................................25
Lagers...............................................................................................................................................26
Glijlagers (2 oppervlakken)...........................................................................................................26
Rolcontactlagers (2 oppervlakken gescheiden door rollend element).........................................26
Erosie & slijtage....................................................................................................................................27
Definitie van slijtage:........................................................................................................................27
Erosie:...............................................................................................................................................27
Slijtage:.........................................................................................................................................27
Soorten erosie:.................................................................................................................................28
Vastedeeltjeserosie......................................................................................................................28
Sliberosie......................................................................................................................................28
Cavitatie........................................................................................................................................28
Druppelslagerosie.........................................................................................................................28
Vloeistoferosie..............................................................................................................................28
Soorten slijtage:................................................................................................................................28
Adhesie.............................................................................................................................................28
Abrasie..............................................................................................................................................29
Lagespanningabrasie....................................................................................................................29
Polijsten........................................................................................................................................29
Oppervlaktevermoeiing....................................................................................................................29
Puntvorming.................................................................................................................................29
Stootslijtage..................................................................................................................................29
Versplinteren................................................................................................................................29
Brinelling.......................................................................................................................................29
Presentatie H6......................................................................................................................................29
Doelstelling:......................................................................................................................................29
Definitie:...........................................................................................................................................30
Gevolgen:.........................................................................................................................................30
Sectoren:......................................................................................................................................30
, Aard corrosie........................................................................................................................................30
Metalen............................................................................................................................................30
Kunststoffen.....................................................................................................................................30
Keramiek...........................................................................................................................................30
Electrochemie...................................................................................................................................31
Zout en water...............................................................................................................................31
IJzer in zoutzuur............................................................................................................................31
Model corrosie.................................................................................................................................31
Oxidatie:.......................................................................................................................................31
Reductie:.......................................................................................................................................31
Standaardpotentialen.......................................................................................................................31
Model corrosie.................................................................................................................................33
Basis kenmerken van corrosie:.....................................................................................................33
Invloedfactoren................................................................................................................................33
Soorten corrosie...............................................................................................................................33
Gelijkmatige corrosie....................................................................................................................33
Putcorrosie...................................................................................................................................33
Spleetcorrosie...............................................................................................................................34
Galvanische corrosie.....................................................................................................................34
Spanningscorrosie........................................................................................................................34
Interkristallijne corrosie................................................................................................................34
Selectieve corrosie........................................................................................................................34
Erosie of corrosie Tentamenstof...................................................................................................34
Nog meer soorten corrosie: Tentamenstof......................................................................................35
Loogbrosheid................................................................................................................................35
Corrosievermoeiing......................................................................................................................35
Corrosie onder afzettingen...........................................................................................................35
Afbladdering.................................................................................................................................35
Filiformide corrosie.......................................................................................................................35
Zwerfstroomcorrosie....................................................................................................................35
Microbiologische corrosie............................................................................................................35
Vaststellen van corrosie....................................................................................................................35
Corrosiewering.................................................................................................................................36
Materiaalkeuze.................................................................................................................................36
Omgeving.........................................................................................................................................36
Ontwerp...........................................................................................................................................36
