Module 3: Sampling, Probability, and
Hypothesis Testing Questions &
Answers 100% Correct!!
What is the difference between a statistic and a parameter? - ANSWERA statistic is
a descriptive statistical result that is generated from a sample, whereas a parameter
is a statistical result from a population.
A ___ sample is composed of members that generally possess the same
characteristics as those of the population. They allow for accurate inferences to be
made. - ANSWERrepresentative sample
A ___ sample is not representative of the population. It is attributed to the researcher
and data collection methods, and do not allow for accurate inferences to be made. -
ANSWERbiased
This method of sampling is when every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected, this increases the reliability of results. Each member is
independent of the others: selecting one member does not increase or decrease the
likelihood of another member being selected. - ANSWERRandom sampling
This method of sampling is when each individual in the population of size has an
equal chance of being selected for the sample, and relies on chance to create a
representative sample. This is NOT feasible for large populations. - ANSWERSimple
random sampling
This method of sampling is a type of random sampling when populations can be
subdivided into groups called strata. It randomly gathers data from subgroups within
a sample. It is used when researchers wants to compare outcomes for different
subgroups within a population or to compare outcomes within subgroups -
ANSWERStratified sampling
Two types of stratified sampling: - ANSWER1. Proportional
2. Non-proportional
Proportional stratified sampling produces a sample that includes - ANSWERsimilar
proportions to the population
A large enough ___ should be selected to represent the population to reduce
sampling error. - ANSWERsample size
An error that is not due to sampling, like due to data collection or measurement, is
called - ANSWERnon-sampling error
___ bias results from poorly worded/misleading questions or technical errors in a
survey - ANSWERMeasurement bias
, Non-proportional stratified sampling gathers equal sample sizes from each group
regardless - ANSWERof proportional stability
This method of sampling divides a population into subgroups known as clusters and
then randomly selects several for the study. It is used when participants are
geographically spread out as it is more efficient and cost effective - ANSWERCluster
sampling
This method of sampling involves establishing a rule for how sample members will
be selected (every 10th person, etc) - ANSWERSystematic sampling
This method of sampling does not result in a representative sample as it involves
selecting individuals based on them happening to be in a certain place, this can
result in sampling bias - ANSWERconvenience sampling
The type of sampling chosen by a researcher is based on 3 things: - ANSWER1.
nature of study
2. characteristics of the population
3. size of the sample needed
The nature of random sampling is that the sample statistics will deviate somewhat
from the population parameters, resulting in - ANSWERsampling error
___ bias results when participants respond inaccurately, untruthfully, or with
exaggerated answers. - ANSWERResponse bias
__ bias is when those who participate are not truly a representative sample of the
population - ANSWERSelection bias
Biases are important to recognize because - ANSWERthey affect the result of the
study
Researchers should report any known biases in a final study report so -
ANSWERreaders can determine reliability
It is the responsibility of the researcher to ID sample size, select sampling technique,
properly collect, analyze, and interpret data to - ANSWERincrease reliability of the
results
It is the responsibility of the reader to critically evaluate claims of bias due to -
ANSWERthe large quantity of data available for interpretation
A __ distribution graphs each value in a dataset - ANSWERfrequency
A ___ distribution shows a frequency distribution of each statistic from each possible
sample os a given size, n from the population - ANSWERsampling
2 rules about computing standard error: - ANSWER1. If sample size increases,
standard error decreases
Hypothesis Testing Questions &
Answers 100% Correct!!
What is the difference between a statistic and a parameter? - ANSWERA statistic is
a descriptive statistical result that is generated from a sample, whereas a parameter
is a statistical result from a population.
A ___ sample is composed of members that generally possess the same
characteristics as those of the population. They allow for accurate inferences to be
made. - ANSWERrepresentative sample
A ___ sample is not representative of the population. It is attributed to the researcher
and data collection methods, and do not allow for accurate inferences to be made. -
ANSWERbiased
This method of sampling is when every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected, this increases the reliability of results. Each member is
independent of the others: selecting one member does not increase or decrease the
likelihood of another member being selected. - ANSWERRandom sampling
This method of sampling is when each individual in the population of size has an
equal chance of being selected for the sample, and relies on chance to create a
representative sample. This is NOT feasible for large populations. - ANSWERSimple
random sampling
This method of sampling is a type of random sampling when populations can be
subdivided into groups called strata. It randomly gathers data from subgroups within
a sample. It is used when researchers wants to compare outcomes for different
subgroups within a population or to compare outcomes within subgroups -
ANSWERStratified sampling
Two types of stratified sampling: - ANSWER1. Proportional
2. Non-proportional
Proportional stratified sampling produces a sample that includes - ANSWERsimilar
proportions to the population
A large enough ___ should be selected to represent the population to reduce
sampling error. - ANSWERsample size
An error that is not due to sampling, like due to data collection or measurement, is
called - ANSWERnon-sampling error
___ bias results from poorly worded/misleading questions or technical errors in a
survey - ANSWERMeasurement bias
, Non-proportional stratified sampling gathers equal sample sizes from each group
regardless - ANSWERof proportional stability
This method of sampling divides a population into subgroups known as clusters and
then randomly selects several for the study. It is used when participants are
geographically spread out as it is more efficient and cost effective - ANSWERCluster
sampling
This method of sampling involves establishing a rule for how sample members will
be selected (every 10th person, etc) - ANSWERSystematic sampling
This method of sampling does not result in a representative sample as it involves
selecting individuals based on them happening to be in a certain place, this can
result in sampling bias - ANSWERconvenience sampling
The type of sampling chosen by a researcher is based on 3 things: - ANSWER1.
nature of study
2. characteristics of the population
3. size of the sample needed
The nature of random sampling is that the sample statistics will deviate somewhat
from the population parameters, resulting in - ANSWERsampling error
___ bias results when participants respond inaccurately, untruthfully, or with
exaggerated answers. - ANSWERResponse bias
__ bias is when those who participate are not truly a representative sample of the
population - ANSWERSelection bias
Biases are important to recognize because - ANSWERthey affect the result of the
study
Researchers should report any known biases in a final study report so -
ANSWERreaders can determine reliability
It is the responsibility of the researcher to ID sample size, select sampling technique,
properly collect, analyze, and interpret data to - ANSWERincrease reliability of the
results
It is the responsibility of the reader to critically evaluate claims of bias due to -
ANSWERthe large quantity of data available for interpretation
A __ distribution graphs each value in a dataset - ANSWERfrequency
A ___ distribution shows a frequency distribution of each statistic from each possible
sample os a given size, n from the population - ANSWERsampling
2 rules about computing standard error: - ANSWER1. If sample size increases,
standard error decreases
