Samenvatting Spijsverteringstelsel- Anatomie en fysiologie (Z11773)

Inhoud
1. Inleiding...................................................................................................3
1.1 Wat is het spijsverteringskanaal?........................................................4
1.1.1 Wat is spijsvertering?....................................................................4
1.1.2 Wat is absorptie?..........................................................................4
1.1.3 Wat is uitscheiding?......................................................................5
2. Functies GI-stelsel (6)?.............................................................................5
2.1 Peristaltiek..........................................................................................5
2.1.1 Hoe ontstaat peristaltiek?.............................................................5
2.1.2. Spierlagen in het spijsverteringsstelsel.......................................5
2.2 Spijsvertering......................................................................................7
2.2.1 Exocriene klieren..........................................................................7
2.2.2 Endocriene klieren........................................................................7
2.2.3 Vertering: enzymen & hormonen..................................................8
2.3 Absorptie.............................................................................................8
2.3.1 Toepassing: eten v/e broodje........................................................8
3. GI - kanaal................................................................................................9
3.1 Bouw v/d wand van GI-kanaal...........................................................10
3.1.1 Mucosa........................................................................................11
3.1.2 Submucosa.................................................................................12
3.1.3 Muscularis...................................................................................12
3.1.4 Plexus entericus..........................................................................12
3.1.5 Serosa of adventitia....................................................................13
3.2 Mondholte.........................................................................................13
3.2.1 Bouw v/d mondholte...................................................................13
3.2.2 Gebit...........................................................................................14
3.2.3 Speekselklieren...........................................................................14
3.2.4 Tong............................................................................................16
3.3 Keelholte = farynx............................................................................16
3.3.1 Larynx.........................................................................................17
3.3.3 Slikken........................................................................................17
3.4 Slokdarm...........................................................................................19

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, 3.4.1 Belangrijkste functie oesofagus:................................................19
3.4.3 Maagbreuk.................................................................................20
3.5 Maag.................................................................................................21
3.5.1 Bouw v/d maagwand..................................................................21
3.5.2 Afscheiding maagsap..................................................................23
3.5.3 Functies v/d maag.......................................................................27
3.6.4 Verschil hormonen & enzymen...................................................28
3.6 Dunne darm......................................................................................28
3.6.1 Duodenum (= 12-vingerige darm)..............................................28
3.6.2 Jejunum.......................................................................................29
3.6.3 ileum...........................................................................................29
3.6.4 Bouw v/d darmwand – dunne darm............................................30
3.6.5 Darmsap.....................................................................................30
3.6.6 Functie dunne darm....................................................................31
3.6.7 Hoe verloopt absorptie?..............................................................31
3.7 Dikke darm........................................................................................33
3.7.1 Caecum = blindedarm................................................................33
3.7.2 Colon = karteldarm.....................................................................33
3.7.3 Rectum & anaal kanaal...............................................................34
3.7.4 De wand v/h colon......................................................................35
3.7.5 Functie v/d dikke darm..............................................................36
3.7.6 Vochtstromen in het spijsverteringsstelsel.................................36
3.7.7 Inhoud van colon........................................................................37
3.8 GI-stelsel & zwangerschap................................................................37
3.9 Pancreas...........................................................................................38
3.9.1 Ductus pancreaticus...................................................................38
3.9.2 Klieren van de pancreas.............................................................38
3.9.3 Pancreassap................................................................................40
3.9.4. Diabetes mellitus.......................................................................40
3.10 Lever...............................................................................................41
3.10.1 Achterzijde lever.......................................................................42
3.10.2 Bouw leverweefsel....................................................................42
3.10.3 Bloedaanvoer............................................................................44

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, 3.11 Galblaas & galwegen......................................................................46
3.11.1 Galblaas....................................................................................46
3.11.2 Gal-sap......................................................................................46
3.11.4 Verloop van gal.........................................................................49
3.12 Peritoneum......................................................................................49
3.12.1 Pariëtaal blad............................................................................50
3.12.2 Visceraal blad...........................................................................50
3.12.3 Functies v/h peritoneum...........................................................51




1. Inleiding
Spijsverteringsstelsel = gastro-intestinaal stelsel = tractus digestivus

Bestaat uit:

 Spijsverteringskanaal
 Verloop & bouw
 Bijhorende organen
 Spijsverteringsprocessen
 Vertering – absorptie – uitscheiding




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, 1.1 Wat is het spijsverteringskanaal?

 Lang kanaal
 Mond  doorheen borstholte  buikholte  bekken 
anus
 Bouw:
 Zelfde basis + aangepast naar specifieke functie v/h
orgaan
(bv: maag meer spierlagen omdat maag voedsel moet
kneden)
 Functie:
 Opnemen, vertering, absorptie voedsel
 Onderdelen:
 Mond & mondholte
 Keel = farynx
 Slokdarm = oesofagus
 Maag
 Dunne darm
 Dikke darm
 Anus
 Positie van onderdelen in relatie tot mond en anus
 Distaal = dichter bij de anus
 Proximaal = dichter bij de mond




1.1.1Wat is spijsvertering?
Vertering = het kleiner maken van voedsel  gebeurt dmv 2 processen:

 Mechanisch
 Kauwen
 Kneden in de maag
 Kneden in de darm
 Chemisch
 Sappen
 Enzymen



1.1.2Wat is absorptie?
 Resorbeerbare moleculen

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