Internationale organisatie
samenvatting
Inhoudsopgave
Basisconcepten (les 1).................................................................................................................................................... 6
Soevereiniteit.........................................................................................................................................................................6
B. Commonwealth of Nations (= IGO) -> geen Britse soevereiniteit.................................................................................7
IGO’s = intergouvernementele organisaties..........................................................................................................................7
Global governance (koepelterm; staten en IO)......................................................................................................................9
Globalisering........................................................................................................................................................................10
Verenigde Naties (les 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)............................................................................................................................... 11
Internationale organisatie voor 1919..................................................................................................................................11
Verleden als blauwdruk...................................................................................................................................................11
Concert van Europa (1815 – 1878) = politieke samenwerking (high politics).................................................................11
Internationale Publieke Unies (1865) = functionele samenwerking (low politics)..........................................................12
Haagse Vredesconferenties (1899, 1907, 1915) = juridische samenwerking..................................................................12
Mislukking DOOR WO I....................................................................................................................................................12
Internationale organisatie tussen 1919 en 1946 = Volkenbond..........................................................................................13
Brede en permanente samenwerking.............................................................................................................................13
Collectieve veiligheid.......................................................................................................................................................13
Succes..............................................................................................................................................................................13
Falen................................................................................................................................................................................13
Pijnpunten.......................................................................................................................................................................14
Opgeheven in 1946 MAAR relevantie.............................................................................................................................14
Internationale Organisatie sinds 1945 = VN........................................................................................................................14
Grote vs. Juiste verwachtingen........................................................................................................................................15
VN-Handvest....................................................................................................................................................................15
Doelstellingen en principes van de VN (H1 HV) niet vanuiten kennen...........................................................................16
Case 1: Falklandeilanden/ Islas Malvinas (H1 HV artikel 1 en 2).....................................................................................16
Waarom hoop op verandering?.......................................................................................................................................17
Case 2: chagos-eilanden..................................................................................................................................................17
1
,VN: lidmaatschap........................................................................................................................................................ 18
193...................................................................................................................................................................................18
50.....................................................................................................................................................................................18
194...................................................................................................................................................................................19
Case 2: Palestina (H2 HV artikel 4) LIDMAATSCHAP.......................................................................................................19
Waarnemers........................................................................................................................................................................19
Algemene Vergadering (General Assembly) (H4 HV)..................................................................................................... 21
Lidmaatschap en besluitvorming.........................................................................................................................................21
Functies................................................................................................................................................................................21
Hervorming meer macht vroeger dan nu...........................................................................................................................22
Veiligheidsraad (Security Council) (H5 HV).................................................................................................................... 24
Lidmaatschap en besluitvorming.........................................................................................................................................24
Hervormingen......................................................................................................................................................................24
Functies en instrumenten....................................................................................................................................................25
Voordelen.............................................................................................................................................................................25
Peacekeeping & Peace Enforcement....................................................................................................................................26
Sancties (restrictieve bepalingen)........................................................................................................................................29
Noord-Korea........................................................................................................................................................................30
Het Secretariaat........................................................................................................................................................... 31
Trustschapsraad........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Gastles Congo......................................................................................................................................................................32
Internationaal Gerechtshof.......................................................................................................................................... 36
Economische en Sociale Raad (ECOSOC)....................................................................................................................... 37
Chagos/ UPU en FAO...........................................................................................................................................................39
Bretton Woods............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................40
Organisaties.........................................................................................................................................................................41
Wereldbankgroep........................................................................................................................................................ 42
2
, IBRD.....................................................................................................................................................................................42
IMF (les 6)................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Wat......................................................................................................................................................................................44
Reden voor oprichting..........................................................................................................................................................45
Quota...................................................................................................................................................................................45
SDR (Special Drawing Rights)..............................................................................................................................................45
Organisatie & management................................................................................................................................................46
Dominantie..........................................................................................................................................................................46
Hervormingen......................................................................................................................................................................46
Activiteiten...........................................................................................................................................................................47
1) Toezicht:.......................................................................................................................................................................47
Financiële crisis....................................................................................................................................................................48
WTO (les 7).................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Functies................................................................................................................................................................................50
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................51
Structuur en besluitvorming................................................................................................................................................52
Lidmaatschap......................................................................................................................................................................52
Cases van geschillenbeslechting..........................................................................................................................................52
UNCTAD (les 8)............................................................................................................................................................ 54
BRICS........................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Focus....................................................................................................................................................................................56
PRANTL groepen.......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Gx............................................................................................................................................................................... 60
G20.......................................................................................................................................................................................60
NAVO (les 9)................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Regionalisering....................................................................................................................................................................62
NAVO in België.....................................................................................................................................................................63
3
, KO 2.0...................................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 4: Overleg.................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 5: Bijstand.................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 6: Actieradius............................................................................................................................................................64
9/11.....................................................................................................................................................................................64
concept................................................................................................................................................................................64
Leden...................................................................................................................................................................................64
Partners...............................................................................................................................................................................65
Toekomst..............................................................................................................................................................................65
Structuur en besluitvorming................................................................................................................................................65
Bijdragen..............................................................................................................................................................................65
Smart defence......................................................................................................................................................................65
Oekraïne..............................................................................................................................................................................66
Regionale organisatie in Afrika (les 10)......................................................................................................................... 67
Regionalisering....................................................................................................................................................................67
AU........................................................................................................................................................................................67
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................68
Werking................................................................................................................................................................................68
Westelijke Sahara................................................................................................................................................................68
Soedan/Zuid-Soedan............................................................................................................................................................69
Darfur...................................................................................................................................................................................69
Abyei....................................................................................................................................................................................70
Peacekeeping VN.................................................................................................................................................................70
Peacebuilding.......................................................................................................................................................................70
Regionale organisatie in Amerika (les 11)..................................................................................................................... 72
Historische context...............................................................................................................................................................72
Cuba.....................................................................................................................................................................................72
Venezuela.............................................................................................................................................................................72
4
samenvatting
Inhoudsopgave
Basisconcepten (les 1).................................................................................................................................................... 6
Soevereiniteit.........................................................................................................................................................................6
B. Commonwealth of Nations (= IGO) -> geen Britse soevereiniteit.................................................................................7
IGO’s = intergouvernementele organisaties..........................................................................................................................7
Global governance (koepelterm; staten en IO)......................................................................................................................9
Globalisering........................................................................................................................................................................10
Verenigde Naties (les 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)............................................................................................................................... 11
Internationale organisatie voor 1919..................................................................................................................................11
Verleden als blauwdruk...................................................................................................................................................11
Concert van Europa (1815 – 1878) = politieke samenwerking (high politics).................................................................11
Internationale Publieke Unies (1865) = functionele samenwerking (low politics)..........................................................12
Haagse Vredesconferenties (1899, 1907, 1915) = juridische samenwerking..................................................................12
Mislukking DOOR WO I....................................................................................................................................................12
Internationale organisatie tussen 1919 en 1946 = Volkenbond..........................................................................................13
Brede en permanente samenwerking.............................................................................................................................13
Collectieve veiligheid.......................................................................................................................................................13
Succes..............................................................................................................................................................................13
Falen................................................................................................................................................................................13
Pijnpunten.......................................................................................................................................................................14
Opgeheven in 1946 MAAR relevantie.............................................................................................................................14
Internationale Organisatie sinds 1945 = VN........................................................................................................................14
Grote vs. Juiste verwachtingen........................................................................................................................................15
VN-Handvest....................................................................................................................................................................15
Doelstellingen en principes van de VN (H1 HV) niet vanuiten kennen...........................................................................16
Case 1: Falklandeilanden/ Islas Malvinas (H1 HV artikel 1 en 2).....................................................................................16
Waarom hoop op verandering?.......................................................................................................................................17
Case 2: chagos-eilanden..................................................................................................................................................17
1
,VN: lidmaatschap........................................................................................................................................................ 18
193...................................................................................................................................................................................18
50.....................................................................................................................................................................................18
194...................................................................................................................................................................................19
Case 2: Palestina (H2 HV artikel 4) LIDMAATSCHAP.......................................................................................................19
Waarnemers........................................................................................................................................................................19
Algemene Vergadering (General Assembly) (H4 HV)..................................................................................................... 21
Lidmaatschap en besluitvorming.........................................................................................................................................21
Functies................................................................................................................................................................................21
Hervorming meer macht vroeger dan nu...........................................................................................................................22
Veiligheidsraad (Security Council) (H5 HV).................................................................................................................... 24
Lidmaatschap en besluitvorming.........................................................................................................................................24
Hervormingen......................................................................................................................................................................24
Functies en instrumenten....................................................................................................................................................25
Voordelen.............................................................................................................................................................................25
Peacekeeping & Peace Enforcement....................................................................................................................................26
Sancties (restrictieve bepalingen)........................................................................................................................................29
Noord-Korea........................................................................................................................................................................30
Het Secretariaat........................................................................................................................................................... 31
Trustschapsraad........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Gastles Congo......................................................................................................................................................................32
Internationaal Gerechtshof.......................................................................................................................................... 36
Economische en Sociale Raad (ECOSOC)....................................................................................................................... 37
Chagos/ UPU en FAO...........................................................................................................................................................39
Bretton Woods............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................40
Organisaties.........................................................................................................................................................................41
Wereldbankgroep........................................................................................................................................................ 42
2
, IBRD.....................................................................................................................................................................................42
IMF (les 6)................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Wat......................................................................................................................................................................................44
Reden voor oprichting..........................................................................................................................................................45
Quota...................................................................................................................................................................................45
SDR (Special Drawing Rights)..............................................................................................................................................45
Organisatie & management................................................................................................................................................46
Dominantie..........................................................................................................................................................................46
Hervormingen......................................................................................................................................................................46
Activiteiten...........................................................................................................................................................................47
1) Toezicht:.......................................................................................................................................................................47
Financiële crisis....................................................................................................................................................................48
WTO (les 7).................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Functies................................................................................................................................................................................50
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................51
Structuur en besluitvorming................................................................................................................................................52
Lidmaatschap......................................................................................................................................................................52
Cases van geschillenbeslechting..........................................................................................................................................52
UNCTAD (les 8)............................................................................................................................................................ 54
BRICS........................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Focus....................................................................................................................................................................................56
PRANTL groepen.......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Gx............................................................................................................................................................................... 60
G20.......................................................................................................................................................................................60
NAVO (les 9)................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Regionalisering....................................................................................................................................................................62
NAVO in België.....................................................................................................................................................................63
3
, KO 2.0...................................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 4: Overleg.................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 5: Bijstand.................................................................................................................................................................63
Artikel 6: Actieradius............................................................................................................................................................64
9/11.....................................................................................................................................................................................64
concept................................................................................................................................................................................64
Leden...................................................................................................................................................................................64
Partners...............................................................................................................................................................................65
Toekomst..............................................................................................................................................................................65
Structuur en besluitvorming................................................................................................................................................65
Bijdragen..............................................................................................................................................................................65
Smart defence......................................................................................................................................................................65
Oekraïne..............................................................................................................................................................................66
Regionale organisatie in Afrika (les 10)......................................................................................................................... 67
Regionalisering....................................................................................................................................................................67
AU........................................................................................................................................................................................67
Principes...............................................................................................................................................................................68
Werking................................................................................................................................................................................68
Westelijke Sahara................................................................................................................................................................68
Soedan/Zuid-Soedan............................................................................................................................................................69
Darfur...................................................................................................................................................................................69
Abyei....................................................................................................................................................................................70
Peacekeeping VN.................................................................................................................................................................70
Peacebuilding.......................................................................................................................................................................70
Regionale organisatie in Amerika (les 11)..................................................................................................................... 72
Historische context...............................................................................................................................................................72
Cuba.....................................................................................................................................................................................72
Venezuela.............................................................................................................................................................................72
4
