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EAB 3002 Exam Study Guide.
Reinforcement - answer✔The process of increasing frequency of a behavior/response
Occurs when a stimulus CHANGE immediately following a response in the INCREASE in the
frequency of that behavior.
Reinforcer - answer✔The stimulus that behavior/response(s) strengthening is contingent upon.
Deprivation - answer✔Restricting access to a reinforcing event.
Satiation - answer✔Repeated presentations of a reinforcer weaken its effectiveness, and the rate
of response declines.
Textual Behavior - answer✔Verbal operant regulated by verbal stimuli with correspondence and
but no formal similarity.
Ex. Writing down what someone is saying.
Echoic - answer✔Verbal operant regulated by a verbal stimulus that has correspondence and
formal similarity.
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Ex. You say "bye-bye" and your baby cousin says "bye-bye".
Formal Similarity - answer✔Verbal stimulus and the product of the response are in the same
mode, and have a physical resemblance.
Ex. if someone signs "hello" and you sign back "hello" exactly, there was a formal similarity. If
someone signs "hello", and you say "hello" in return, there was no formal similarity.
Intraverbal - answer✔Verbal operant regulated by verbal S^D's.
Ex. Saying "Marco!" and having someone say "Polo!"
Tacting - answer✔Verbal operant whose form is regulated by nonverbal S^D's and maintained
by generalized reinforcement.
Ex. A child sees a ball, and says "Ball!"
Manding - answer✔A verbal operant whose form is regulated by establishing operations.
Ex. Saying "Give me water", when you are thirsty.
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Verbal Behavior - answer✔The vocal, written, or gestural performances of a speaker writer or
communicator.
Back-Up Reinforcer - answer✔Reinforcers received in exchange for tokens in a token economy.
Ex. Toys, candy, or money, exchanging the tokens.
Token Economy - answer✔Behaviors are reinforced by the presentation of tokens which are later
exchanged for Back-Up Reinforcers.
Ex. A teacher in a classroom gives a happy face stickers, every time the students are on task.
Once they get 5 stickers, they can get a toy from the treasure box.
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer - answer✔Any event or stimulus that is associated with/or
exchangeable for many sources of unconditioned reinforcement.
Ex. Money.
Heterogeneous Chain - answer✔The topography is different for each link.