ANSC 1001 - Final Exam Study Set questions with complete solutions
What is the most common breed of dairy cow in the US? Why? Correct Answer-Holsteins, because they make a ton of milk, are very big, and have adapted to living in a barn much better than other breeds.
Why would a farmer want to have other breeds of dairy cow to milk? Correct Answer-Their milk has less protein and fat than other cow breeds.
If someone was making cheese or ice cream, they might choose a colorful breed because the milk will be richer.
Describe the life cycle of a dairy animal. Correct Answer-- Weaned at 8wks
- Heifers are bred at - 12-14 months old
- Gestation for 9 months
- First calving at 2 - years
- Milking for 10 months
- 2 month dry period
- Calf again
- milk for 10 months
- 2 month dry period
Explain why nutrient requirements vary in horses. Correct Answer-
nutrient requirements depend on physiological state, maintenance, pregnancy, lactation (mother prioritizes foal), growth (larger breeds = more food), and workload
List what factors can influence feed consumption (in horses). Correct Answer-palatability, dental care, processing, availability/time to eat, fatigue, illness, stress, and parasites.
Explain at least two feeding tips (for horses). Correct Answer-1) Feed them 3+ times a day or use a slow feeder so they aren't eating too much at once.
2) individual feeding is best if you have the time/labor available because
you can better monitor each horse's eating habits
Describe ways to manage horse manure. Correct Answer-Use a dumpster or compost to manage manure, note changes in smell, color, consistency.
Describe selective deworming and how it is used in horses. Correct Answer-Fecal egg counting
-less than 200=low shedder
-200-500=med shedder
-500 high shedder
lowers cost, resistance, and better control of worms.
Describe methods of biosecurity in horses. Correct Answer-Keep stalls, aisles, etc. clean. Keep them updated with core vaccines: rabies, tetanus, West Nile virus, and eastern equine encephalomyelitis.
Describe the unique characteristics of horses that contribute to their athletic ability. Correct Answer-Obligate nose breathers (when their epiglottis is open it hits the top of their mouth blocking airflow)
strict coupling of respiration and stride, spleen(stores RBCs and naturally "blood dope" when they are exercising), heat loss (lots of volume and low surface area, salty sweat to help them cool faster, have protein latherin in sweat, breaks surface tension so that the sweat can spread over their body surface faster), and anatomical considerations (front limb is attached to the spring by a muscular sling, not collarbone, muscles that extend front leg are attached to neck to help with balance, front legs bear more weight = more concussion on front legs, head and neck act as a balance/adjusts center of gravity, spine has limited flexibility(move in straight line)
Describe the principles of exercise training. Correct Answer-
OVERLOAD: to have continued adaptation, you have to overload the systems you want to cause an adaptation to SPECIFICITY: you have to train for the discipline you want to improve at
REVERSIBILITY: "use it or lose it" you have to keep using acquired adaptations to keep them (takes longer to regain adaptations than it takes
to lose them)
Understand the key terms and general processes for growth and development (growth, development, allometric growth, isometric
What is the most common breed of dairy cow in the US? Why? Correct Answer-Holsteins, because they make a ton of milk, are very big, and have adapted to living in a barn much better than other breeds.
Why would a farmer want to have other breeds of dairy cow to milk? Correct Answer-Their milk has less protein and fat than other cow breeds.
If someone was making cheese or ice cream, they might choose a colorful breed because the milk will be richer.
Describe the life cycle of a dairy animal. Correct Answer-- Weaned at 8wks
- Heifers are bred at - 12-14 months old
- Gestation for 9 months
- First calving at 2 - years
- Milking for 10 months
- 2 month dry period
- Calf again
- milk for 10 months
- 2 month dry period
Explain why nutrient requirements vary in horses. Correct Answer-
nutrient requirements depend on physiological state, maintenance, pregnancy, lactation (mother prioritizes foal), growth (larger breeds = more food), and workload
List what factors can influence feed consumption (in horses). Correct Answer-palatability, dental care, processing, availability/time to eat, fatigue, illness, stress, and parasites.
Explain at least two feeding tips (for horses). Correct Answer-1) Feed them 3+ times a day or use a slow feeder so they aren't eating too much at once.
2) individual feeding is best if you have the time/labor available because
you can better monitor each horse's eating habits
Describe ways to manage horse manure. Correct Answer-Use a dumpster or compost to manage manure, note changes in smell, color, consistency.
Describe selective deworming and how it is used in horses. Correct Answer-Fecal egg counting
-less than 200=low shedder
-200-500=med shedder
-500 high shedder
lowers cost, resistance, and better control of worms.
Describe methods of biosecurity in horses. Correct Answer-Keep stalls, aisles, etc. clean. Keep them updated with core vaccines: rabies, tetanus, West Nile virus, and eastern equine encephalomyelitis.
Describe the unique characteristics of horses that contribute to their athletic ability. Correct Answer-Obligate nose breathers (when their epiglottis is open it hits the top of their mouth blocking airflow)
strict coupling of respiration and stride, spleen(stores RBCs and naturally "blood dope" when they are exercising), heat loss (lots of volume and low surface area, salty sweat to help them cool faster, have protein latherin in sweat, breaks surface tension so that the sweat can spread over their body surface faster), and anatomical considerations (front limb is attached to the spring by a muscular sling, not collarbone, muscles that extend front leg are attached to neck to help with balance, front legs bear more weight = more concussion on front legs, head and neck act as a balance/adjusts center of gravity, spine has limited flexibility(move in straight line)
Describe the principles of exercise training. Correct Answer-
OVERLOAD: to have continued adaptation, you have to overload the systems you want to cause an adaptation to SPECIFICITY: you have to train for the discipline you want to improve at
REVERSIBILITY: "use it or lose it" you have to keep using acquired adaptations to keep them (takes longer to regain adaptations than it takes
to lose them)
Understand the key terms and general processes for growth and development (growth, development, allometric growth, isometric
