ECS exam 2.docx

Which of the following statements is an example of climate? - correct answer c. Long winters and hot, humid summers are typical of the upper Midwest The evolution of the average behavior of the Earth's atmosphere over time is called - correct answer c. climate change. What is e-waste and why is it a concern? - correct answer Hazardous waste from unwanted electronics devices (any device that contains a circuit board) They contain hazardous materials and should not be thrown out Contains a suite of toxic metals such as lead, mercury and chromium. When they are released by unsafe and poor extraction methods, these substances cause a wide range of medical conditions from birth defects to brain , lung, and kidney damage to cancer. Which of the following is not a driver in Earth's climate? - correct answer The gravitational pull of the moon One disadvantage of solar cells is that - correct answer electricity generated from solar cells is available only when the sun is shining. What is the difference between a sanitary land fill and an open dump? Does garbage decompose more quickly in a sanitary landfill? - correct answer Open dump is trash piling up, cheap, common in less developed countries, dirty, smells, Sanitary landfill is common in developed countries, seal trash in to prevent release into environment, takes longer to decompose Which of the following statements concerning the composition of the atmosphere is true? - correct answer Methane concentration is about 17 parts per million by volume If you were to measure the composition of the atmosphere across the globe, the composition would be relatively constant except for - correct answer d. carbon dioxide and water vapor. e. water vapor and ozone. Ozone exists mostly - correct answer in the stratosphere. Incident ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by - correct answer ozone. Are most plastics degradable, biodegradable or non-degradable waste? How well do plastics break down? - correct answer VERY SLOW BIO-DEGRADATION and break down very slowly The greatest quantity of fresh water is held in - correct answer e. glaciers and ice caps. Which of the following does not play a role in reflecting incident sunlight back into space? - correct answer A. methane Other than CO2, what greenhouse gas has the longest lifetime in the atmosphere? - correct answer c. CFCs Without the greenhouse effect, the atmosphere around the planet would be - correct answer b. 30°C colder. Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false? - correct answer e. CFCs are a natural greenhouse gas with high warming potential. The greenhouse effect describes what interaction? - correct answer The absorption and subsequent re-emission of longwave radiation by certain gases in the atmosphere The recent period of global warming - correct answer is suspected to result in part from human activities. The most recent glaciation event ended _______ years ago. - correct answer b. 14,000 11,700 12,000 years ago if the current climate trends continue, adverse impacts could include - correct answer increased heat extremes and increased tropical storm intensity. The basis of the statement," We could feed more people if we would all eat grain rather than feeding it to livestock," is? - correct answer B. the Second Law of Thermodynamics In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from - correct answer E. new crop varieties and intensified farming. Natural communities consist of species interacting with each other. How might the structure of the community be changed? - correct answer C. when species go extinct or E. All of the above Explain what is meant by the four R's and give an example of each. - correct answer Refuse- refuse to use things that we dont need, dont use plastic bags. Reduce- our consumption, buy goods that will last a long time, fuel efficient car. Reuse- use more than once, Recycle- return items for reprocessing into new products. The overlapping area represents - correct answer A. intra-specific competition Suppose the overlapping area gradually becomes much larger. What is most likely happening? - correct answer Competitive exclusion principle When organisms eat, most biomass is digested and turned into energy. Certain compounds are stored in the body. These can be essential minerals and/or toxins. This process is called - correct answer bioaccumulation. What are TWO of the greatest threats to biodiversity? (mark two answers) - correct answer a. Habitat destruction d. Invasion of non-native species Non-native species can increase in population and become pests to an ecosystem. Which of the following reasons best describes why this can happen? - correct answer e. All of the above Which of the following best shows an ecological advantage of introducing non-native species into a habitat? - correct answer d. Used as a biological control agent, non-natives can be used in place of pesticides, costing less money and causing less damage to the environment. A natural form of fertilizer would be - correct answer A. manure.