PORTAGE LEARNING CHEM 210 - MODULE 7 EXAM.

PORTAGE LEARNING CHEM 210 - MODULE 7 EXAM. True or False: The ΔG value for a particular reaction is -78kJ/mol. This value indicates the reaction is NOT spontaneous. FALSE True or false: A biochemical metabolic pathway is a single reaction that converts starting material into products. FALSE True or false: Three ATP molecules are used in the energy-investing stage of glycolysis. FALSE True or False: The citric acid cycle occurs in the absence of oxygen. FALSE True or false: The β-oxidation pathway degrades both even-numbered and oddnumbered fatty acids. TRUE Question 1 3 / 3 pts Question 4 3 / 3 pts Question 5 0 / 3 pts Question 2 3 / 3 pts Question 3 3 / 3 pts Question 6 3 / 3 pts In converting glucose to pyruvate, how many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate step in glycolysis? 2 ATP produced 1 ATP required 1 NADH produced 2 NADH and 1 ATP produced None of the above 2 ATP PRODUCED In converting glucose to pyruvate, how many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in the phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate step in glycolysis? 1 ATP required 1 ATP produced 2 ATP produced 2 ATP required None of the above 2 ATP PRODUCED What is the primary reactant of glycolysis? Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose Fructose-6-phosphate Hexokinase Question 7 3 / 3 pts Question 8 3 / 3 pts GLUCOSE In glycolysis, when glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate. The phosphate donor in this reaction is ATP, and the enzyme is . Hexokinase Aldolase CoA Phosphohexose isomerase None of the above HEXOKINASE In the last reaction of glycolysis, ATP is formed by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a metabolite to ADP. This process is referred to as: Substrate-level phosphorylation Protein phosphorylation Lipid phosphorylation Isomerization Photo-protein dephosphorylation SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORLATION Question 10 3 / 3 pts Question 11 0 / 3 pts Under anaerobic conditions, to which compound is pyruvate converted? NADH Lactate Hexokinase GAP None of the above LACTATE How many steps are in the glycolysis pathway? 3 6 10 12 14 10 The reactions of glycolysis take place in/on the . Mitochondria Vacuoles Ribosome Cytosol None of the above CYTSOL How is ATP used in the initial steps of glycolysis? Question 12 3 / 3 pts Question 13 3 / 3 pts Question 14 3 / 3 pts Isomerization reaction Phosphorylation reaction Protein production Lipid phosphorylation None of the above PHOSPHORYLATION REACTION Which of the following is a cyclic pathway? A. CAC B. PDH C. Glycolysis D. Oxidative phosphorylation E. β-oxidation A.CAC How many ATP molecules does NADH yield after oxidative phosphorylation? 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Question 16 3 / 3 pts Question 15 3 / 3 pts 2.5 Besides NADH and FADH2, what energy molecule is produced directly in the citric acid cycle? ATP GTP CTP TTP None of the above GTP What molecule is missing in the following reaction? A. Fumarate B. Malate Question 17 3 / 3 pts C. Succinate D. CO2 E. Succinyl-CoA C.SUCCINATE Pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA production occurs in the . Lysosomes Vacuoles Nucleus Mitochondria None of the above MITOCHONDRIA Cellular respiration is the process of cells taking in and producing to generate energy. A. Glucose; NADH B. FAD; FADH2 C. CO2; ATP Question 19 3 / 3 pts Question 20 3 / 3 pts D. NAD+; NADH E. O2; CO2 E.O2; CO2 How many phases are in the complete degradation of glucose via cellular respiration? 2 3 4 5 1 3 The PDH complex has three enzymes, which are referred to as: P, D, and H E1, E2, and E3 Enzyme A, Enzyme B, and Enzyme C Enzyme a, Enzyme b, and Enzyme c None of the above E1, E2, AND E3 Of the following, which coenzyme(s) is (are) necessary for β-oxidation? A. O2 B. FAD Question 22 3 / 3 pts Question 23 3 / 3 pts C. GTP D. Both A and B E. None of the above B.FAD Which of the following letters corresponds to the α-carbon of a fatty acid? B Question 24 3 / 3 pts The sequential process for oxidizing fatty acids to acetyl-CoA is often called: A. β-degradation B. α-degradation C. Spiral D. α-spiral E. β-spiral E. β-spiral (Short answer) In one step of the glycolysis pathway, a six-carbon compound is broken into two three-carbon fragments, only one of which can be further degraded in the glycolysis pathway. What happens to the other three-carbon fragment? In step 5 of glycolysis, glucose (six-carbon) is converted to GAP and DHAP (both 3-carbons). GAP goes on in the glycolysis pathway. The other, DHAP, cannot go on through glycolysis directly; it is converted to GAP by triose phosphate isomerase. Question 27 5 / 5 p (Fill in the blank) Use the following word bank to fill in the appropriate blanks. Not all Question 25 3 / 3 pts Question 26 5 / 5 pts words will be used; words can be used more than once. Word bank: one, two, three, four, five, six Glucose contains (A) carbon atoms. The oxidation of a glucose molecule utilizes (B) ATP. Later, the (C) three-carbon products of glycolysis produce (D) ATP by direct phosphorylation, which gives a net yield of two ATP. In addition, (E) NADH are produced in glycolysis. A) six B) two C) two D)four E) two (Short response) Consider the fatty acid which has 20 carbons (below). A. (2 pts) How many cycles of β-oxidation are required for catabolism? Briefly explain. B. (2 pts) How many acetyl-CoA are produced during catabolism? Briefly explain. C. (1 pts) How many NADH and FADH2 are produced from β-oxidation (only) of this molecule? Question 28 5 / 5 pts A. 9 cycles are required for oleic acid. Each cycle removes two carbon units. ON the final cycle, two acetyl groups are produced. B. There are 10 acetyl-CoA groups produced. Two acetyl-CoA groups on the last cycle. C.There are 9 NADH and 9 FADH2 molecules produced. One per cycle Short Essay: (10 points each) The complete oxidative catabolism of glucose to form CO2 and H2O occurs in three phases. Describe each of the three phases giving the important pathway in each phase and the energy molecules produced in each. Answer: First phase: Glucose metabolism begins with glycolysis which degrades the molecule into two molecules of pyruvate and also produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules. The pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA. Second Phase: the acetyl-CoA groups are shuttled through the citric acid cycle to generate GTP, NADH, FADH2 molecules along with the release of CO2. Third Phase: the NADH and FADH2 coenzymes are themselves oxidized in the mitochondria to yield ATP by a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Question 29 0 / 10 pts