NBST 515 Exam 1

Five main eras of the Second Temple Period. Be sure to know the time frame for each era. - Babylonian (606-539). Persian (539-331). Greek (331-167): Ptolemaic (320-198) and Seleucid (198-167). Jewish Self-Rule (167-63). Roman (63BC - AD70). Three crises experienced by the Jews that resulted from the Bab. captivity. - Dissolution of the monarchy, loss of central sanctuary, proximity to Gentiles. Most likely period of time in why synagogue emerged. - Bab. exile Whether idol worship became more or less common among Jews living in exile - Less common: they learned that God would not tolerate idol worship. Persian king who defeated Bab. - Cyrus of Persia Who decreed that the Jewish people could return from exile to their homeland? - Cyrus Three phrases of the Greek period and the years in which each kingdom ruled Israel. - Conquests of Alex the Great (331-320), Ptolemaic period (320-198), and Seleucid (198-167). Persian king defeated by Alex the Great that led to Alex becoming new world ruler. - Darius III Whether Greek rulers typically provided more or less religious freedom to conquered people than Persians rulers - Less Alex's general who eventually established a kingdom in Egypt - Ptolemy I Soter What Josephus reveals about a great exportation of Jews to Egypt during the Ptolemaic period. - On the Sabbath Ptolemy I invaded Israel and took 120,000 Jews captive to Alexandria, where they stayed until Ptolemy's son Philadelphus freed them.Basic background about the LXX. - 70 or 72 scholars translated the Hebrew Scripture into Greek in Alexandria. This was for Jews who understood Greek better than Hebrew. The meaning of the term "Epiphanes" - "The Glorious One": implying that he was the incarnation of Zeus on earth The two needs/desires of Antiochus IV and led to many hardships amongst the Jewish people - Desire for the spread of Greek culture and the need for great amounts of money to pay Rome led him to look to the Jerusalem temple treasures with ever-increasing avarice. The more severe measures taken by Antiochus IV against the Jewish people - Allowing a Gentile into the temple, banning the Torah, circumcision, festivals, and offerings to YHWH. Worst of all: dedicated the Jerusalem temple to Zeus, erecting a statue of Zeus in the temple and sacrificing a pig on the altar. Jewish priest from Modein who began a Jewish resistance movement against the Seleucids. - Mattathias Event that is commemorated in the Jewish celebration of Hanukkah. - Mattathias' son Judas cleansing of the temple in 164 BC. Violation of Scripture made by Jonathan, son of Mattathias. - Accepted position of high priest from one of the other claimants to the Syrian throne in 152 BC. Son of Mattathias who achieved national autonomy for Israel - Simon Son of Simon known for expanding borders of the Judean territory into Moab and Idumea. - Hyrcanus First Hasmonean ruler to assume the title of king. - Aristobulus Unpopular Hasmonean ruler who was married to Salome Alexandra and was known for his brutality - Alexander Janneus