NCLEX PN EXAM

NCLEX-PN QUESTION 1 A middle-aged woman tells the nurse that she has been experiencing irregular menses for the past six months. The nurse should assess the woman for other symptoms of: A. climacteric. B. menopause. C. perimenopause. D. postmenopause. Correct Answer: C Section: (none) Explanation Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Perimenopause refers to a period of time in which hormonal changes occur gradually, ovarian function diminishes, and menses become irregular. Perimenopause lasts approximately five years. Climacteric is a term applied to the period of life in which physiologic changes occur and result in cessation of a woman’s reproductive ability and lessened sexual activity in males. The term applies to both genders. Climacteric and menopause are interchangeable terms when used for females. Menopause is the period when permanent cessation of menses has occurred. Postmenopause refers to the period after the changes accompanying menopause are complete.Health Promotion and Maintenance QUESTION 2 When obtaining a health history on a menopausal woman, which information should a nurse recognize as a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy? A. family history of stroke B. ovaries removed before age 45 C. frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats D. unexplained vaginal bleeding Correct Answer: D Section: (none) Explanation Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Unexplained vaginal bleeding is a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. Family history of stroke is not a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. If the woman herself had a history of stroke or other blood-clotting events, hormone therapy could be contraindicated. Frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats can be relieved by hormone replacement therapy.Health Promotion and Maintenance QUESTION 3 Which of the following statements, if made by the parents of a newborn, does not indicate a need for further teaching about cord care? A. "I should put alcohol on my baby’s cord 34 times a day." B. "I should put the baby’s diaper on so that it covers the cord." C. "I should call the physician if the cord becomes dark." D. "I should wash my hands before and after I take care of the cord." Correct Answer: D Section: (none) Explanation Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Parents should be taught to wash their hands before and after providing cord care. This prevents transferring pathogens to and from the cord. Folding the diaper below the cord exposes the cord to air and allows for drying. It also prevents wet or soiled diapers from coming into contact with the cord. Current recommendations include cleaning the area around the cord 34 times a day with a cotton swab but do not include putting alcohol or other antimicrobials on the cord. It is normal for the cord to turn dark as it dries.Health Promotion and Maintenance QUESTION 4 The nurse is teaching parents of a newborn about feeding their infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Use the defrost setting on microwave ovensto warm bottles. B. When refrigerating formula, don’t feed the baby partially used bottles after 24 hours. C. When using formula concentrate, mix two parts water and one part concentrate. D. If a portion of one bottle is left for the next feeding, go ahead and add new formula to fill it. Correct Answer: A Section: (none) Explanation Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become superheated. When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the temperature of the formula should be checked before giving it to the baby. Refrigerated, partially used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours because the baby might have introduced some pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator does not destroy pathogens. Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate and one part water. Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be transferred to the new formula.Health Promotion and Maintenance QUESTION 5 The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teeth should the nurse expect to examine? A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 16 Correct Answer: C Section: (none) Explanation Explanation/Reference: Explanation: In general, children begin dentition around 6 months of age. During the first 2 years of life, a quick guide to the number of teeth a child should have is as follows: Subtract the number 6 from the number of months in the age of the child. In this example, the child is 18 months old, so the formula is 18 6 = 12. An 18-month-old child should have approximately 12 teeth.Health Promotion and Maintenance QUESTION 6