Samenvatting Literatuur
Neurocognition
,Week 1
Chapter 5 – The brain
Connection cortex thalamus = thalamo-cortical system -> signal traffic can flow flexible back and
forth
Gray matter -> outer sheet brain -> cell bodies of neurons
White matter -> inside the large hemispheres -> axons that are covered in myelin (white)
The nervous system
- Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS): autonomic and peripheral sensory and motor system
Geography of the brain
- Two cerebral hemispheres -> joined trough corpus callosum.
- Cortical lobes: frontal lobe parietal lobe, temporal lobe occipital lobe
- Landmarks: important sulci and gyri
- Brodmann areas: postal codes of the cortex -> differences in the appearance of cells in the
layers
- Talairach coordinates: observing hypercolumns, columns and single neutrons -> used in
functional brain imaging
,Cortex
- Thin sheet -> only six layers thick -> called grey matter
- Only limbic cortex has five layers -> called paleocortex
- The six horizontal layers are vertically organized in Cortical Columns
- Going to same hemisphere (ipsilateral side), or going to the other hemisphere (contralateral
side)
, Evolution of the brain
- Brain evoked from inside to outside!!
- More inside -> more survival functions
Brainstem
- Is continuous with the spinal cord
- Contains the pons
- Function: control of breathing and heart rate
Thalami
- Egg shaped
- Traffic hubs of the brain -> intimately connected with each hemisphere
Hypothalamus
- Cluster of nuclei
- Connected with pituitary gland -> Neurohormonal complex
- Function: physiological homeostasis, emotional functions
Neurocognition
,Week 1
Chapter 5 – The brain
Connection cortex thalamus = thalamo-cortical system -> signal traffic can flow flexible back and
forth
Gray matter -> outer sheet brain -> cell bodies of neurons
White matter -> inside the large hemispheres -> axons that are covered in myelin (white)
The nervous system
- Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS): autonomic and peripheral sensory and motor system
Geography of the brain
- Two cerebral hemispheres -> joined trough corpus callosum.
- Cortical lobes: frontal lobe parietal lobe, temporal lobe occipital lobe
- Landmarks: important sulci and gyri
- Brodmann areas: postal codes of the cortex -> differences in the appearance of cells in the
layers
- Talairach coordinates: observing hypercolumns, columns and single neutrons -> used in
functional brain imaging
,Cortex
- Thin sheet -> only six layers thick -> called grey matter
- Only limbic cortex has five layers -> called paleocortex
- The six horizontal layers are vertically organized in Cortical Columns
- Going to same hemisphere (ipsilateral side), or going to the other hemisphere (contralateral
side)
, Evolution of the brain
- Brain evoked from inside to outside!!
- More inside -> more survival functions
Brainstem
- Is continuous with the spinal cord
- Contains the pons
- Function: control of breathing and heart rate
Thalami
- Egg shaped
- Traffic hubs of the brain -> intimately connected with each hemisphere
Hypothalamus
- Cluster of nuclei
- Connected with pituitary gland -> Neurohormonal complex
- Function: physiological homeostasis, emotional functions
