Chapter 5 notes (carbohydrates)
,Structures of Carbohydrates
Þ All composed of hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen (water soluble, polar)
o includes sugar, starch, and fiber
o Plants are main source
- Produce glucose during photosynthesis
- Use carbon and oxygen to form carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and energy
§ Monosaccharides
-
C6H12O6
- Single sugars – glucose, fructose, and galactose
§ Disaccharides
- Double sugars – maltose, sucrose, lactose
- Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple sugars
§ Polysaccharides
- Many glucose molecules linked together
, Monosaccharides:
o Glucose
- Most abundant monosaccharide
- Linked together with other sugars in our diets
- “Blood sugar”
o Fructose
- Found in fruits, vegetables, honey, and high-fructose corn syrup
o Galactose
- Most in our diets is combined with glucose to form lactose (milk sugar)
,Structures of Carbohydrates
Þ All composed of hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen (water soluble, polar)
o includes sugar, starch, and fiber
o Plants are main source
- Produce glucose during photosynthesis
- Use carbon and oxygen to form carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and energy
§ Monosaccharides
-
C6H12O6
- Single sugars – glucose, fructose, and galactose
§ Disaccharides
- Double sugars – maltose, sucrose, lactose
- Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple sugars
§ Polysaccharides
- Many glucose molecules linked together
, Monosaccharides:
o Glucose
- Most abundant monosaccharide
- Linked together with other sugars in our diets
- “Blood sugar”
o Fructose
- Found in fruits, vegetables, honey, and high-fructose corn syrup
o Galactose
- Most in our diets is combined with glucose to form lactose (milk sugar)
