Psychological Disorders 2023 with complete solution

psychological disorder a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity medical model the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. DSM-5 the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. anxiety disorders psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety generalized anxiety disorder an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal panic disorder An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. phobia fear social anxiety disorder intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such agoraphobia fear of open spaces obsessive-compulsive disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions). post-traumatic stress disorder an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience post-traumatic growth positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises mood disorders psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes major depressive disorder A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. mania a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state bipolar disorder A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. rumination compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes Schizophrenia a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions psychosis a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions Delusions false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders Hallucinations false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus somatic symptom disorder psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause conversion disorder A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. illness anxiety disorder a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease dissociative disorders disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings dissociative identity disorder A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder. anorexia nervosa an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves bulimia nervosa an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise binge eating disorder significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa personality disorder psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning antisocial personality disorder A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.