Samenvatting
Ontwikkelingsstoornissen
2
Van E. Desmet
------------------------
Vives Kortrijk
Toepaste
Psychologie
2021
-
2022
1
,1. Aandachtsdeficiëntie-/hyperactiviteitsstoornis (ADHD) ...................................................................... 4
A) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 4
B) Kenmerken ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Hoofdkenmerken.......................................................................................................................... 4
2. Subtypes ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Sterktes ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Impact van ADHD op de ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 5
5. Evolutie van ADHD........................................................................................................................ 6
C) Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................ 7
D) Verklaringsmodellen......................................................................................................................... 7
1. Genetische factoren ..................................................................................................................... 7
2. Neurobiologische mechanismen .................................................................................................. 7
3. Neuropsychologische mechanismen ............................................................................................ 8
4. Omgevingsinvloeden .................................................................................................................... 8
Risicofactoren op omgevingsniveau ................................................................................................. 8
Beschermende factoren ................................................................................................................... 9
5. Comorbiditeit ............................................................................................................................... 9
6. Differentiaaldiagnostiek ............................................................................................................... 9
7. Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................. 10
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Ouder als informant: intake ........................................................................................................... 10
Leerkracht als informant ................................................................................................................ 10
Kind als informant .......................................................................................................................... 11
Gestructureerd interview ............................................................................................................... 11
Vragenlijst ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Cognitief onderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 11
Neuropsychologisch onderzoek ..................................................................................................... 12
Observaties ..................................................................................................................................... 12
8. Ondersteuning, begeleiding en behandeling ............................................................................. 13
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Psycho-educatie ............................................................................................................................. 13
Medicatie ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Individuele begeleiding .................................................................................................................. 15
Ouderbegeleiding ........................................................................................................................... 15
Schoolinterventies .......................................................................................................................... 17
Multimodale therapie .................................................................................................................... 17
2
, 2. Spraak- en taalontwikkelingsstoornis (STOS) ..................................................................................... 18
A) Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 18
B) Kenmerken ..................................................................................................................................... 19
C) Ontwikkelingsaspecten .................................................................................................................. 20
D) Etiologie en risicofactoren.............................................................................................................. 20
E) Prevalentie...................................................................................................................................... 21
F) Differentiaaldiagnose ..................................................................................................................... 21
G) Diagnostiek ..................................................................................................................................... 22
1. De CELF-4 .................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Taaltest voor Kinderen ............................................................................................................... 22
3. Reynell Taalontwikkelingsschalen (RTOS) .................................................................................. 22
H) Preventie, ondersteuning en begeleiding ...................................................................................... 23
3
Ontwikkelingsstoornissen
2
Van E. Desmet
------------------------
Vives Kortrijk
Toepaste
Psychologie
2021
-
2022
1
,1. Aandachtsdeficiëntie-/hyperactiviteitsstoornis (ADHD) ...................................................................... 4
A) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 4
B) Kenmerken ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Hoofdkenmerken.......................................................................................................................... 4
2. Subtypes ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Sterktes ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Impact van ADHD op de ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 5
5. Evolutie van ADHD........................................................................................................................ 6
C) Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................ 7
D) Verklaringsmodellen......................................................................................................................... 7
1. Genetische factoren ..................................................................................................................... 7
2. Neurobiologische mechanismen .................................................................................................. 7
3. Neuropsychologische mechanismen ............................................................................................ 8
4. Omgevingsinvloeden .................................................................................................................... 8
Risicofactoren op omgevingsniveau ................................................................................................. 8
Beschermende factoren ................................................................................................................... 9
5. Comorbiditeit ............................................................................................................................... 9
6. Differentiaaldiagnostiek ............................................................................................................... 9
7. Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................. 10
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Ouder als informant: intake ........................................................................................................... 10
Leerkracht als informant ................................................................................................................ 10
Kind als informant .......................................................................................................................... 11
Gestructureerd interview ............................................................................................................... 11
Vragenlijst ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Cognitief onderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 11
Neuropsychologisch onderzoek ..................................................................................................... 12
Observaties ..................................................................................................................................... 12
8. Ondersteuning, begeleiding en behandeling ............................................................................. 13
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Psycho-educatie ............................................................................................................................. 13
Medicatie ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Individuele begeleiding .................................................................................................................. 15
Ouderbegeleiding ........................................................................................................................... 15
Schoolinterventies .......................................................................................................................... 17
Multimodale therapie .................................................................................................................... 17
2
, 2. Spraak- en taalontwikkelingsstoornis (STOS) ..................................................................................... 18
A) Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 18
B) Kenmerken ..................................................................................................................................... 19
C) Ontwikkelingsaspecten .................................................................................................................. 20
D) Etiologie en risicofactoren.............................................................................................................. 20
E) Prevalentie...................................................................................................................................... 21
F) Differentiaaldiagnose ..................................................................................................................... 21
G) Diagnostiek ..................................................................................................................................... 22
1. De CELF-4 .................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Taaltest voor Kinderen ............................................................................................................... 22
3. Reynell Taalontwikkelingsschalen (RTOS) .................................................................................. 22
H) Preventie, ondersteuning en begeleiding ...................................................................................... 23
3
