SAMENVATTING SOCIAAL RECHT
Inhoud
Deel 1: collectief arbeidsrecht.......................................................................................................................................6
Kenmerken van arbeidsrecht.....................................................................................................................................7
collectief abreidsrecht...............................................................................................................................................8
Collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst.........................................................................................................................8
Instellingen van social overleg.............................................................................................................................10
partijen bij collectief arbeidsrecht of ‘de sociale partners’.................................................................................12
Collectieve arbeidsgeschillen...............................................................................................................................13
DEEL 2: arbeidsovereenkomst, definitie, soorten en bedingen..................................................................................14
Sollicitatie.................................................................................................................................................................14
de arbeidsovereenkomst.........................................................................................................................................14
de overeenkomst.................................................................................................................................................15
vorm en bewijs.....................................................................................................................................................17
Soorten arbeidsovereenskomsten...........................................................................................................................17
soorten naar gelang van de aar van het werk.....................................................................................................17
soorten volgens de duur......................................................................................................................................19
soorten volgens omvang van prestaties..............................................................................................................19
Bedingen van arbeidsovereenkomst.......................................................................................................................20
Dwingend karakter van Arbeidsovereen-komstenwet (artikel 6 AOW)..............................................................20
Concurrentiebeding (artikel 65 AOW).................................................................................................................20
Scholingsbeding (artikel 22bis AOW)...................................................................................................................21
Verboden bedingen (artikel 36, 36bis en 25 AOW).............................................................................................22
verplichtingen van partijen......................................................................................................................................22
Van beide partijen................................................................................................................................................22
van de werknemer...............................................................................................................................................22
van de werkgever.................................................................................................................................................23
sanctie bij niet-nakoming.....................................................................................................................................23
Aansprakelijkheid.....................................................................................................................................................23
Deel 3: schorsing – algemeen......................................................................................................................................24
gevallen van schorsing van de arbeidsovereenkomst.............................................................................................24
Overmacht...........................................................................................................................................................24
Kort verzuim/ klein verlet....................................................................................................................................25
Verlof om dwingende redenen............................................................................................................................25
Jaarlijkse vakantie................................................................................................................................................26
Ziekte of ongeval..................................................................................................................................................27
1
, Bevallingsverlof....................................................................................................................................................27
Tijdskrediet/ thematische verloven.....................................................................................................................27
Deel 4: schorsing – ziekte – tijdskrediet......................................................................................................................27
Schorsing – ziekte of ongeval...................................................................................................................................27
Conclusies uit een studie van SD Worx................................................................................................................28
Verplichtingen van arbeidsongeschikte werknemer...........................................................................................29
Gewaarborgd loon voor arbeiders.......................................................................................................................30
Gewaarborgd loon voor bedienden.....................................................................................................................30
Geen recht op gewaarborgd loon........................................................................................................................30
Ongeschiktheid te wijten aan derde....................................................................................................................30
arbeidsongeschiktheid en ontslag.......................................................................................................................30
bevallingsrust.......................................................................................................................................................31
geboorteverlof.....................................................................................................................................................32
tijdskrediet (CAO nr.103).........................................................................................................................................32
Motief...................................................................................................................................................................32
Recht op landingsbaan.........................................................................................................................................33
Algmene kenmerken............................................................................................................................................33
thematische verloven..............................................................................................................................................33
ouderschapsverlof................................................................................................................................................34
palliatief verlof.....................................................................................................................................................34
Bijstandverlof.......................................................................................................................................................34
Mantelzorg (nieuw vanaf 1 september 2021).....................................................................................................35
inkomenssituatie bij thematisch verlof...............................................................................................................35
Bescherming tegen ontslag..................................................................................................................................35
deel 5A: arbeidsvoorwaarden......................................................................................................................................35
Arbeidsduur.............................................................................................................................................................35
Toepassingsgebied van de Arbeidswet................................................................................................................36
Arbeidsduur = tijd tijdens dewelke werk-nemer ter beschikking is van werkgever............................................36
‘Wachttijd’ met oproepbaarheid.........................................................................................................................36
Arbeidsduurgrenzen (veel uitzonderingen):........................................................................................................37
verplichte rustpauzes...........................................................................................................................................38
overwerk..................................................................................................................................................................38
Gevolgen (tenzij meerdere uitzonderingen) :......................................................................................................38
Gewaarborgde vrije dagen.......................................................................................................................................39
Verbod op zondagsarbeid....................................................................................................................................39
Verbod op arbeid op feestdagen.........................................................................................................................39
Loon..........................................................................................................................................................................39
2
, betaling van het loon...........................................................................................................................................40
inhoudingen op loon............................................................................................................................................40
Arbeidsregelement..................................................................................................................................................41
deel 5B: ontslag............................................................................................................................................................41
Einde van de overeenkomst....................................................................................................................................41
Algemene wijzen..................................................................................................................................................41
arbeidsrechtelijke beeindigingswijzen.................................................................................................................42
Ontslag.....................................................................................................................................................................43
Opzegging.................................................................................................................................................................44
Opzeggingsbrief...................................................................................................................................................44
Opzegbare arbeidsovereenkomsten....................................................................................................................46
niet-opzegbare arbeidsovereenkomsten.............................................................................................................46
opzeggingstermijn................................................................................................................................................46
Deel 6: onstlag om dringende reden en motivering....................................................................................................48
Definitie van dringende reden.................................................................................................................................48
Dwingende termijn- en vormvereisten....................................................................................................................50
Beslissing tot ontslag meedelen..........................................................................................................................50
kennisgeving van de feiten :................................................................................................................................50
Bewijs.......................................................................................................................................................................51
Gevolgen van ontslag om dringende reden.............................................................................................................51
Onregelmatige beëindiging of verbreking van de arbeidsovereenkomst...............................................................52
Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................................52
Vormen van onregelmatig ontslag.......................................................................................................................52
gevolgen...............................................................................................................................................................53
Motiveringsverplichting en kennelijk onredelijk ontslag.........................................................................................55
“Uitgestelde” motiveringsverplichting................................................................................................................55
Kennelijk onredelijk ontslag.................................................................................................................................55
Deel 7: sociale zekerheid (algemeen) & groeipakket..................................................................................................56
Kenmerken van sociaal zekerheidsrechts................................................................................................................56
overzicht sociale zekerheid (niet ambtenaren).......................................................................................................57
Gezinsbijslag in Vlaanderen voor kinderen, geboren na 1/1/19.............................................................................57
rechtgevend kind.................................................................................................................................................57
begunstigde van de gezinsbijslag.........................................................................................................................58
tegemoetkomingen..............................................................................................................................................59
organisatie............................................................................................................................................................60
deel 8 : arbeidsongevallen...........................................................................................................................................60
Arbeidsongevallenregeling......................................................................................................................................60
3
, Toepassingsgebied arbeidsongevallenregeling...................................................................................................61
organisatie............................................................................................................................................................62
overheidstussenkomst.........................................................................................................................................62
definitie van arbeidsongeval....................................................................................................................................62
Ongeval................................................................................................................................................................62
Arbeids-ongeval...................................................................................................................................................63
Arbeidswegongeval..............................................................................................................................................64
Gemeenschappelijke regeling voor schadeloosstelling...........................................................................................65
geen terugbetaling van :......................................................................................................................................66
vergoedingen bij ongeschiktheid.............................................................................................................................66
voor consolidatie :................................................................................................................................................66
na consolidatie.....................................................................................................................................................66
basisbegrippen bij vergoedingen.........................................................................................................................67
Schadeloosstelling bij overlijden..............................................................................................................................67
Procedure bij arbeidsongeval..................................................................................................................................68
Deel 9 : sociale zekerheid- toepassingsgebied en financiering...................................................................................69
Drie “stelsels”...........................................................................................................................................................69
sociale zekerhied voor werknemers........................................................................................................................69
kerncijfers.............................................................................................................................................................69
Toepassingsgebied...............................................................................................................................................69
Ratione personae.................................................................................................................................................70
Financiering..........................................................................................................................................................71
werkgevers- en werknemersbijdragen................................................................................................................71
inning van socialezekerheidsbijdragen................................................................................................................72
sociale zekerheid voor zelfstandigen.......................................................................................................................74
Kerncijfers............................................................................................................................................................74
toepassingsgebied................................................................................................................................................74
financiering..........................................................................................................................................................75
bijdrage................................................................................................................................................................75
Deel 10 : Sociale zekerheid – ZIV.................................................................................................................................77
Ziekte en invaliditeitsverzekering............................................................................................................................77
Drie onderdelen :.................................................................................................................................................77
ziektekostverzekering..............................................................................................................................................78
Toepassingsgebied :.............................................................................................................................................78
algemene toekenningsvoorwaarden.......................................................................................................................79
‘organisatorische’ voorwaarden..........................................................................................................................79
Verlies van de tegemoetkoming..........................................................................................................................79
4
Inhoud
Deel 1: collectief arbeidsrecht.......................................................................................................................................6
Kenmerken van arbeidsrecht.....................................................................................................................................7
collectief abreidsrecht...............................................................................................................................................8
Collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst.........................................................................................................................8
Instellingen van social overleg.............................................................................................................................10
partijen bij collectief arbeidsrecht of ‘de sociale partners’.................................................................................12
Collectieve arbeidsgeschillen...............................................................................................................................13
DEEL 2: arbeidsovereenkomst, definitie, soorten en bedingen..................................................................................14
Sollicitatie.................................................................................................................................................................14
de arbeidsovereenkomst.........................................................................................................................................14
de overeenkomst.................................................................................................................................................15
vorm en bewijs.....................................................................................................................................................17
Soorten arbeidsovereenskomsten...........................................................................................................................17
soorten naar gelang van de aar van het werk.....................................................................................................17
soorten volgens de duur......................................................................................................................................19
soorten volgens omvang van prestaties..............................................................................................................19
Bedingen van arbeidsovereenkomst.......................................................................................................................20
Dwingend karakter van Arbeidsovereen-komstenwet (artikel 6 AOW)..............................................................20
Concurrentiebeding (artikel 65 AOW).................................................................................................................20
Scholingsbeding (artikel 22bis AOW)...................................................................................................................21
Verboden bedingen (artikel 36, 36bis en 25 AOW).............................................................................................22
verplichtingen van partijen......................................................................................................................................22
Van beide partijen................................................................................................................................................22
van de werknemer...............................................................................................................................................22
van de werkgever.................................................................................................................................................23
sanctie bij niet-nakoming.....................................................................................................................................23
Aansprakelijkheid.....................................................................................................................................................23
Deel 3: schorsing – algemeen......................................................................................................................................24
gevallen van schorsing van de arbeidsovereenkomst.............................................................................................24
Overmacht...........................................................................................................................................................24
Kort verzuim/ klein verlet....................................................................................................................................25
Verlof om dwingende redenen............................................................................................................................25
Jaarlijkse vakantie................................................................................................................................................26
Ziekte of ongeval..................................................................................................................................................27
1
, Bevallingsverlof....................................................................................................................................................27
Tijdskrediet/ thematische verloven.....................................................................................................................27
Deel 4: schorsing – ziekte – tijdskrediet......................................................................................................................27
Schorsing – ziekte of ongeval...................................................................................................................................27
Conclusies uit een studie van SD Worx................................................................................................................28
Verplichtingen van arbeidsongeschikte werknemer...........................................................................................29
Gewaarborgd loon voor arbeiders.......................................................................................................................30
Gewaarborgd loon voor bedienden.....................................................................................................................30
Geen recht op gewaarborgd loon........................................................................................................................30
Ongeschiktheid te wijten aan derde....................................................................................................................30
arbeidsongeschiktheid en ontslag.......................................................................................................................30
bevallingsrust.......................................................................................................................................................31
geboorteverlof.....................................................................................................................................................32
tijdskrediet (CAO nr.103).........................................................................................................................................32
Motief...................................................................................................................................................................32
Recht op landingsbaan.........................................................................................................................................33
Algmene kenmerken............................................................................................................................................33
thematische verloven..............................................................................................................................................33
ouderschapsverlof................................................................................................................................................34
palliatief verlof.....................................................................................................................................................34
Bijstandverlof.......................................................................................................................................................34
Mantelzorg (nieuw vanaf 1 september 2021).....................................................................................................35
inkomenssituatie bij thematisch verlof...............................................................................................................35
Bescherming tegen ontslag..................................................................................................................................35
deel 5A: arbeidsvoorwaarden......................................................................................................................................35
Arbeidsduur.............................................................................................................................................................35
Toepassingsgebied van de Arbeidswet................................................................................................................36
Arbeidsduur = tijd tijdens dewelke werk-nemer ter beschikking is van werkgever............................................36
‘Wachttijd’ met oproepbaarheid.........................................................................................................................36
Arbeidsduurgrenzen (veel uitzonderingen):........................................................................................................37
verplichte rustpauzes...........................................................................................................................................38
overwerk..................................................................................................................................................................38
Gevolgen (tenzij meerdere uitzonderingen) :......................................................................................................38
Gewaarborgde vrije dagen.......................................................................................................................................39
Verbod op zondagsarbeid....................................................................................................................................39
Verbod op arbeid op feestdagen.........................................................................................................................39
Loon..........................................................................................................................................................................39
2
, betaling van het loon...........................................................................................................................................40
inhoudingen op loon............................................................................................................................................40
Arbeidsregelement..................................................................................................................................................41
deel 5B: ontslag............................................................................................................................................................41
Einde van de overeenkomst....................................................................................................................................41
Algemene wijzen..................................................................................................................................................41
arbeidsrechtelijke beeindigingswijzen.................................................................................................................42
Ontslag.....................................................................................................................................................................43
Opzegging.................................................................................................................................................................44
Opzeggingsbrief...................................................................................................................................................44
Opzegbare arbeidsovereenkomsten....................................................................................................................46
niet-opzegbare arbeidsovereenkomsten.............................................................................................................46
opzeggingstermijn................................................................................................................................................46
Deel 6: onstlag om dringende reden en motivering....................................................................................................48
Definitie van dringende reden.................................................................................................................................48
Dwingende termijn- en vormvereisten....................................................................................................................50
Beslissing tot ontslag meedelen..........................................................................................................................50
kennisgeving van de feiten :................................................................................................................................50
Bewijs.......................................................................................................................................................................51
Gevolgen van ontslag om dringende reden.............................................................................................................51
Onregelmatige beëindiging of verbreking van de arbeidsovereenkomst...............................................................52
Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................................52
Vormen van onregelmatig ontslag.......................................................................................................................52
gevolgen...............................................................................................................................................................53
Motiveringsverplichting en kennelijk onredelijk ontslag.........................................................................................55
“Uitgestelde” motiveringsverplichting................................................................................................................55
Kennelijk onredelijk ontslag.................................................................................................................................55
Deel 7: sociale zekerheid (algemeen) & groeipakket..................................................................................................56
Kenmerken van sociaal zekerheidsrechts................................................................................................................56
overzicht sociale zekerheid (niet ambtenaren).......................................................................................................57
Gezinsbijslag in Vlaanderen voor kinderen, geboren na 1/1/19.............................................................................57
rechtgevend kind.................................................................................................................................................57
begunstigde van de gezinsbijslag.........................................................................................................................58
tegemoetkomingen..............................................................................................................................................59
organisatie............................................................................................................................................................60
deel 8 : arbeidsongevallen...........................................................................................................................................60
Arbeidsongevallenregeling......................................................................................................................................60
3
, Toepassingsgebied arbeidsongevallenregeling...................................................................................................61
organisatie............................................................................................................................................................62
overheidstussenkomst.........................................................................................................................................62
definitie van arbeidsongeval....................................................................................................................................62
Ongeval................................................................................................................................................................62
Arbeids-ongeval...................................................................................................................................................63
Arbeidswegongeval..............................................................................................................................................64
Gemeenschappelijke regeling voor schadeloosstelling...........................................................................................65
geen terugbetaling van :......................................................................................................................................66
vergoedingen bij ongeschiktheid.............................................................................................................................66
voor consolidatie :................................................................................................................................................66
na consolidatie.....................................................................................................................................................66
basisbegrippen bij vergoedingen.........................................................................................................................67
Schadeloosstelling bij overlijden..............................................................................................................................67
Procedure bij arbeidsongeval..................................................................................................................................68
Deel 9 : sociale zekerheid- toepassingsgebied en financiering...................................................................................69
Drie “stelsels”...........................................................................................................................................................69
sociale zekerhied voor werknemers........................................................................................................................69
kerncijfers.............................................................................................................................................................69
Toepassingsgebied...............................................................................................................................................69
Ratione personae.................................................................................................................................................70
Financiering..........................................................................................................................................................71
werkgevers- en werknemersbijdragen................................................................................................................71
inning van socialezekerheidsbijdragen................................................................................................................72
sociale zekerheid voor zelfstandigen.......................................................................................................................74
Kerncijfers............................................................................................................................................................74
toepassingsgebied................................................................................................................................................74
financiering..........................................................................................................................................................75
bijdrage................................................................................................................................................................75
Deel 10 : Sociale zekerheid – ZIV.................................................................................................................................77
Ziekte en invaliditeitsverzekering............................................................................................................................77
Drie onderdelen :.................................................................................................................................................77
ziektekostverzekering..............................................................................................................................................78
Toepassingsgebied :.............................................................................................................................................78
algemene toekenningsvoorwaarden.......................................................................................................................79
‘organisatorische’ voorwaarden..........................................................................................................................79
Verlies van de tegemoetkoming..........................................................................................................................79
4
