ENGLISH GRAMMAR
MODULE 5
19. Auxiliaries and have got
1) Uses of auxiliary verbs
Have, be
o In perfect, continuous and passive forms of tenses
Do
o In questions and negatives in the present and past simple
2) Use of contractions with auxiliaries
I’m, aren’t, we’re, doesn’t, …
With subject or with not
Usually in speech and informal writing
He’s taken a holiday vs. He’s taking a holiday.
He’d known her for ages vs. He’d know what to do.
True or false?
Be, have and do are always auxiliary verebs and have no lexical meaning of their
own.
FALSE:
BE HAVE DO
I think, therefore I am. He has his own private Let’s do the washing up
jet
Exist Perform and action,
Possession complete task
Her grammar book is on
the desk The phone willl have a
number of new functions
Location
Inclusion
Now, you’re being silly
I have an older sibling
Behave
Relationships
She had a fever
Diseases
We’re having Thai food
for dinner
Perform an action,
complere task
, 3+4) Have vs. Have got
Have got = alternative for have as a main verb to indicate possession,
relationships, diseases and other stated in the present simple
I have a new car vs. I’ve got a new car
Lisa has two brothers vs. Lisa’s got two brothers
I have a headache vs. I’ve got a headache
He has a few problems vs. He’s got a few problems
Have got = generally preferred to have in informal British English
20. Present simple or continuous?
Present simple: to talk about more permanent situations
Permanent situations, facts, general truths:
I’m hungry. I want something to eat.
With state verbs:
Many people from the north of Europe take their summer holiday in the
warmer south.
For regular events or habits (often with adverbs of frequency)
In commentaries, instructions, demonstrations and stories that include a
series of events: to express the immediacy of an event/actio,n
Present continuous: to talk about more temporary situations or actions that
are only going on at the present
For temporary situations or actions in progress at/around the time of
speaking:
Belgian summers are getting wetter.
Cambio, the carsharing company, is gaining more customers.
To describe trends
I’m going to the gym these days.
Due to her car accident a few days ago, my sister is taking the train to
work.
For repeated actions events within a temporary period
Our head of department is the one who’s standing on the left in this
college photo
To describe pictures and actions which form background to a story
MODULE 5
19. Auxiliaries and have got
1) Uses of auxiliary verbs
Have, be
o In perfect, continuous and passive forms of tenses
Do
o In questions and negatives in the present and past simple
2) Use of contractions with auxiliaries
I’m, aren’t, we’re, doesn’t, …
With subject or with not
Usually in speech and informal writing
He’s taken a holiday vs. He’s taking a holiday.
He’d known her for ages vs. He’d know what to do.
True or false?
Be, have and do are always auxiliary verebs and have no lexical meaning of their
own.
FALSE:
BE HAVE DO
I think, therefore I am. He has his own private Let’s do the washing up
jet
Exist Perform and action,
Possession complete task
Her grammar book is on
the desk The phone willl have a
number of new functions
Location
Inclusion
Now, you’re being silly
I have an older sibling
Behave
Relationships
She had a fever
Diseases
We’re having Thai food
for dinner
Perform an action,
complere task
, 3+4) Have vs. Have got
Have got = alternative for have as a main verb to indicate possession,
relationships, diseases and other stated in the present simple
I have a new car vs. I’ve got a new car
Lisa has two brothers vs. Lisa’s got two brothers
I have a headache vs. I’ve got a headache
He has a few problems vs. He’s got a few problems
Have got = generally preferred to have in informal British English
20. Present simple or continuous?
Present simple: to talk about more permanent situations
Permanent situations, facts, general truths:
I’m hungry. I want something to eat.
With state verbs:
Many people from the north of Europe take their summer holiday in the
warmer south.
For regular events or habits (often with adverbs of frequency)
In commentaries, instructions, demonstrations and stories that include a
series of events: to express the immediacy of an event/actio,n
Present continuous: to talk about more temporary situations or actions that
are only going on at the present
For temporary situations or actions in progress at/around the time of
speaking:
Belgian summers are getting wetter.
Cambio, the carsharing company, is gaining more customers.
To describe trends
I’m going to the gym these days.
Due to her car accident a few days ago, my sister is taking the train to
work.
For repeated actions events within a temporary period
Our head of department is the one who’s standing on the left in this
college photo
To describe pictures and actions which form background to a story
