INHOUD
1: kenissmaking en historiek .................................................................................................................1
Kennismaking ..................................................................................................................................1
historiek ..........................................................................................................................................2
Vroege denkers .............................................................................................................................2
Start van de wetenschappelijke ontwikkelings- psychologie ............................................................3
2: theoretische perspectief ...................................................................................................................5
kernvraagstukken .............................................................................................................................5
20ste-eewse theorieën .......................................................................................................................6
Psychodynamische theorieën ........................................................................................................7
Behavioristische theorieën ............................................................................................................8
cognitieve theorieën......................................................................................................................9
Systemische theorieën ................................................................................................................ 11
Evolutionaire theorieën ............................................................................................................... 13
Hedendaagse ontwikkelings-psychologie ..................................................................................... 13
3 onderzoeksmethoden...................................................................................................................... 15
Correlationeel vs experimenteel ...................................................................................................... 15
Meten van ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 15
4: Gen-Omgevingssamenspel ............................................................................................................. 17
Genetische constitutie ................................................................................................................... 17
Genetische overdracht ................................................................................................................... 18
Aangeboren of verworven? .............................................................................................................. 19
Gen-omgevingssamenspel ............................................................................................................. 22
5: conceptie en prenatale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................... 23
conceptie ...................................................................................................................................... 23
stadia prenatale onwtikkeling .......................................................................................................... 23
problemen rond zwangerschap ....................................................................................................... 25
bedreiging in prenatale omgeving .................................................................................................... 26
prenataal onderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 27
6: geboorte ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Geboorte ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Complicaties ................................................................................................................................. 30
7: fysieke en motorische ontwikkeling in babytijd ................................................................................. 33
Fysieke groei en hersenontwikkeling ................................................................................................ 33
Fysieke groei ............................................................................................................................... 33
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 35
, Integratie lichaamssystemen ....................................................................................................... 37
Motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 38
Reflexen ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Mijlpalen grofmotorische ontwikkeling ......................................................................................... 39
Mijlpalen fijnmotorische ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 40
Coördinatie van motorische vaardigheden ................................................................................... 40
Belang van voeding ......................................................................................................................... 41
8: perceptuele cognitieve en taalontwikkeling in babytijd ..................................................................... 43
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 43
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Sensomotorisch Stadium ................................................................ 48
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 52
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 55
9: sociaal-emotionele en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in babytijd ....................................................... 60
Emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 60
Emoties uitdrukken ..................................................................................................................... 60
Emoties herkennen ..................................................................................................................... 62
Emoties reguleren ....................................................................................................................... 62
Ontwikkeling van het zelf ................................................................................................................ 63
Relationele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 63
Ouder-kind relatie ....................................................................................................................... 63
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ....................................................................................................... 67
Individuele verschillen .................................................................................................................... 68
Temperament ............................................................................................................................. 68
Geslacht en Gender .................................................................................................................... 69
10: Fysieke en Motorische Ontwikkeling in Peuter- en Kleutertijd .......................................................... 70
Fysieke groei en hersenontwikkeling ................................................................................................ 70
Fysieke groei ............................................................................................................................... 70
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 71
Motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 72
Grofmotorische ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................... 72
Fijnmotorische ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 73
Zindelijkheid ............................................................................................................................... 74
Bedreigingen fysieke ontwikkeling ................................................................................................... 75
Slaapproblemen ......................................................................................................................... 75
Infecties ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Ongevallen ................................................................................................................................. 76
Mishandeling en verwaarlozing .................................................................................................... 77
,11: Perceptuele, Cognitieve en Taalontwikkeling Peuter- en Kleutertijd ................................................. 78
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 78
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Preoperationeel Stadium ................................................................ 78
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 82
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 84
12. : sociaal-emotionele en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling .................................................................... 86
Emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 86
Emoties ervaren en tonen ............................................................................................................ 86
Emoties herkennen, begrijpen en erop reageren ........................................................................... 87
Morele ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................ 88
Ontwikkeling van het zelf en van genderidentiteit ............................................................................. 89
Ontwikkeling zelf......................................................................................................................... 89
Ontwikkeling genderidentiteit ...................................................................................................... 89
Relationele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 90
Ouder-kind relatie ....................................................................................................................... 90
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ........................................................................................................... 93
13: fysieke en motorische ontwikkeling in schooltijd ............................................................................ 94
fysieke groei ................................................................................................................................... 94
motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 94
14: Perceptuele, Cognitieve en Taalontwikkeling Schooltijd .................................................................. 96
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 96
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Concreet-Operationeel Stadium...................................................... 96
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 98
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 99
15: Sociaal-Emotionele en Persoonlijkheids-ontwikkeling Schooltijd .................................................. 102
Emotionele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling van het zelf en van genderidentiteit ........................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling zelf....................................................................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling genderidentiteit ........................................................................................................ 103
Morele ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................... 104
Relationele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 105
Ouder-kind relatie ..................................................................................................................... 105
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ..................................................................................................... 106
16: Fysieke en Motorische Ontwikkeling in Adolescentie ................................................................... 108
Fysieke groei, seksuele rijping en hersenontwikkeling ..................................................................... 108
Lichamelijke veranderingen ....................................................................................................... 108
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 112
, Psychologische impact ............................................................................................................. 113
Motorische ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 114
17: Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Adolescentie ......................................................................................... 115
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Formeel Operationeel Stadium ...................................................... 115
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief .......................................................... 116
Implicaties van Cognitieve Veranderingen...................................................................................... 116
18: Sociaal-Emotionele en Persoonlijkheids-ontwikkeling adolescentie .............................................. 118
Ontwikkeling zelfbeeld, zelfwaardering en identiteit ....................................................................... 118
Zelfbeeld en zelfwaardering ....................................................................................................... 118
Identiteit (Erikson) ..................................................................................................................... 121
Identiteit (Marcia)...................................................................................................................... 122
Identiteit (Luyckx) ..................................................................................................................... 124
Relationele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 126
Ouder-kind relatie ..................................................................................................................... 126
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ..................................................................................................... 128
1: kenissmaking en historiek .................................................................................................................1
Kennismaking ..................................................................................................................................1
historiek ..........................................................................................................................................2
Vroege denkers .............................................................................................................................2
Start van de wetenschappelijke ontwikkelings- psychologie ............................................................3
2: theoretische perspectief ...................................................................................................................5
kernvraagstukken .............................................................................................................................5
20ste-eewse theorieën .......................................................................................................................6
Psychodynamische theorieën ........................................................................................................7
Behavioristische theorieën ............................................................................................................8
cognitieve theorieën......................................................................................................................9
Systemische theorieën ................................................................................................................ 11
Evolutionaire theorieën ............................................................................................................... 13
Hedendaagse ontwikkelings-psychologie ..................................................................................... 13
3 onderzoeksmethoden...................................................................................................................... 15
Correlationeel vs experimenteel ...................................................................................................... 15
Meten van ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 15
4: Gen-Omgevingssamenspel ............................................................................................................. 17
Genetische constitutie ................................................................................................................... 17
Genetische overdracht ................................................................................................................... 18
Aangeboren of verworven? .............................................................................................................. 19
Gen-omgevingssamenspel ............................................................................................................. 22
5: conceptie en prenatale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................... 23
conceptie ...................................................................................................................................... 23
stadia prenatale onwtikkeling .......................................................................................................... 23
problemen rond zwangerschap ....................................................................................................... 25
bedreiging in prenatale omgeving .................................................................................................... 26
prenataal onderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 27
6: geboorte ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Geboorte ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Complicaties ................................................................................................................................. 30
7: fysieke en motorische ontwikkeling in babytijd ................................................................................. 33
Fysieke groei en hersenontwikkeling ................................................................................................ 33
Fysieke groei ............................................................................................................................... 33
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 35
, Integratie lichaamssystemen ....................................................................................................... 37
Motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 38
Reflexen ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Mijlpalen grofmotorische ontwikkeling ......................................................................................... 39
Mijlpalen fijnmotorische ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 40
Coördinatie van motorische vaardigheden ................................................................................... 40
Belang van voeding ......................................................................................................................... 41
8: perceptuele cognitieve en taalontwikkeling in babytijd ..................................................................... 43
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 43
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Sensomotorisch Stadium ................................................................ 48
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 52
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 55
9: sociaal-emotionele en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in babytijd ....................................................... 60
Emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 60
Emoties uitdrukken ..................................................................................................................... 60
Emoties herkennen ..................................................................................................................... 62
Emoties reguleren ....................................................................................................................... 62
Ontwikkeling van het zelf ................................................................................................................ 63
Relationele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 63
Ouder-kind relatie ....................................................................................................................... 63
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ....................................................................................................... 67
Individuele verschillen .................................................................................................................... 68
Temperament ............................................................................................................................. 68
Geslacht en Gender .................................................................................................................... 69
10: Fysieke en Motorische Ontwikkeling in Peuter- en Kleutertijd .......................................................... 70
Fysieke groei en hersenontwikkeling ................................................................................................ 70
Fysieke groei ............................................................................................................................... 70
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 71
Motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 72
Grofmotorische ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................... 72
Fijnmotorische ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 73
Zindelijkheid ............................................................................................................................... 74
Bedreigingen fysieke ontwikkeling ................................................................................................... 75
Slaapproblemen ......................................................................................................................... 75
Infecties ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Ongevallen ................................................................................................................................. 76
Mishandeling en verwaarlozing .................................................................................................... 77
,11: Perceptuele, Cognitieve en Taalontwikkeling Peuter- en Kleutertijd ................................................. 78
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 78
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Preoperationeel Stadium ................................................................ 78
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 82
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 84
12. : sociaal-emotionele en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling .................................................................... 86
Emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 86
Emoties ervaren en tonen ............................................................................................................ 86
Emoties herkennen, begrijpen en erop reageren ........................................................................... 87
Morele ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................ 88
Ontwikkeling van het zelf en van genderidentiteit ............................................................................. 89
Ontwikkeling zelf......................................................................................................................... 89
Ontwikkeling genderidentiteit ...................................................................................................... 89
Relationele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 90
Ouder-kind relatie ....................................................................................................................... 90
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ........................................................................................................... 93
13: fysieke en motorische ontwikkeling in schooltijd ............................................................................ 94
fysieke groei ................................................................................................................................... 94
motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................. 94
14: Perceptuele, Cognitieve en Taalontwikkeling Schooltijd .................................................................. 96
Perceptuele Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 96
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Concreet-Operationeel Stadium...................................................... 96
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief ............................................................ 98
Taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 99
15: Sociaal-Emotionele en Persoonlijkheids-ontwikkeling Schooltijd .................................................. 102
Emotionele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling van het zelf en van genderidentiteit ........................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling zelf....................................................................................................................... 102
Ontwikkeling genderidentiteit ........................................................................................................ 103
Morele ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................... 104
Relationele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 105
Ouder-kind relatie ..................................................................................................................... 105
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ..................................................................................................... 106
16: Fysieke en Motorische Ontwikkeling in Adolescentie ................................................................... 108
Fysieke groei, seksuele rijping en hersenontwikkeling ..................................................................... 108
Lichamelijke veranderingen ....................................................................................................... 108
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 112
, Psychologische impact ............................................................................................................. 113
Motorische ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 114
17: Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Adolescentie ......................................................................................... 115
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Piaget: Formeel Operationeel Stadium ...................................................... 115
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Informatie-verwerkings-perspectief .......................................................... 116
Implicaties van Cognitieve Veranderingen...................................................................................... 116
18: Sociaal-Emotionele en Persoonlijkheids-ontwikkeling adolescentie .............................................. 118
Ontwikkeling zelfbeeld, zelfwaardering en identiteit ....................................................................... 118
Zelfbeeld en zelfwaardering ....................................................................................................... 118
Identiteit (Erikson) ..................................................................................................................... 121
Identiteit (Marcia)...................................................................................................................... 122
Identiteit (Luyckx) ..................................................................................................................... 124
Relationele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................... 126
Ouder-kind relatie ..................................................................................................................... 126
Relaties met Leeftijdgenoten ..................................................................................................... 128
