APUSH - Study Faster
How can these notes even help me?
● WHAP vs APUSH Mindsets
○ The AP Histories have three types of FRQ structures:
■ Comparison
■ Change and Continuities over Time (CCOT)
■ Causation
○ APUSHtends to useCCOTandCausationmore because of us focusing on ONE
region.
■ YOU should understand US history as specific instances ofCAUSEand
EFFECT→ which helps with CCOT
● Ok, how will these notes help?
○ I organized these notes as chronologicalBECAUSEX,EFFECTY, to understand
how events create what history is now.
○ People,Wars, Battles, andTreatieshighlight contexts to set the stage.
○ Specific Vocabwill be seen on tests and should be used in your FRQs
● How would I even use these?
○ NEVERONLY READ ANY NOTES
■ Everything will go over your head andnothingwill besynthesized
■ To understand APUSH, you need to trace the dots of Causations and CCOT
○ 1) Use these in tandem withHeimler’sHistory(or equivalent)
○ 2) Active Recall is your best friend!
■ APUSH needs you to recall specifics fast! What are some examples of
nomadic American Indians? Why did Columbus explore the New World,
and what was theEFFECT?
■ Active Recall will increase speed and accuracy (in all classes!) Here is
how I did it under a time crunch:
, 27
APUSH - Period 6 (1865–1898)
What were the causes and effects of mechanization, urbanization, and migration?
● Rise of Industrial Capitalism
○ Governments and Private Businesses →Railroads encouraged mass production
and consumerism
○ BECAUSE:Panic of 1893
○ Led to:1/4 Railroads declared bankruptcy
○ EFFECT:Bankers swooped in, and ⅔ of Railroads wereowned by 7 entities
■ Regional Monopolies
○ Bessemer Process→Fast, Better Steel
● Rise of Monopolies
○ Andrew Carnegie
■ Vertical Integrationis where a business owns everystage of the
manufacturing process
■ Owned every part ofSteel Manufacturing
○ John D Rockefeller
■ Horizontal Integrationis where a business owns multiplefactories
that make it
■ Standard Oil
● Made his oil cheap enough and forced smaller businesses to
work under him
○ Laissez-Faire
■ Hands-off government in business regulation
○ Social Darwinism
■ Only theFittestpeople and enterprises deserve money
○ BECAUSE:of Monopolies taking over, killing competition
○ Led to: Sherman Antitrust Act - 1890
○ EFFECT Nothing → was never enforced
SUMMARY:
The Panic of 1893 led to private enterprises buying out the railroads, leading to
monopolies. Carnegie used vertical integration to control the steel industry, along with the
Bessemer process. Standard Oil/Rockefeller used Horizontal integration and bought out all
the other oil companies. Lassez-Faire policies created this, and the Sherman Antitrust act
attempted to fix it, but it was never enforced.
● Classes and Unions
, 28
○ Rise of Middle Class andWhite Collar Jobs
○ Laboring Class andBlue Collar Jobs
■ 6 Days a week with low income
■ Women had to support family through working
■ Unsafe, unsanitary conditions and Death
■ Company Townswith high rent
○ BECAUSE:There was an influx of immigrants and workwas not skilled
○ Led to:Corporations able to fire anyone with complaints
○ EFFECT:Labor Unionswith numbers for the Corporationsto listen
■ Great Railroad Strike 1877
● BECAUSE: Railroad companies cut wages during recession
● Led to: Strike became violent
● EFFECT Corporations listened and increased wages
■ Pulman Strike in Chicago
● BECAUSE:The Pullman Palace Car Company cut wagesbut
kept rents high,
● Led to:American Railway Union (ARU)led byEugeneV.
Debs, refused to handle trains carrying Pullman cars.
● EFFECT:Fearing economic collapse, the federal government
forbade the ARU from boycotting Pullman cars.
■ Knights of Labor
● Tried toabolishchild labor
● Bombing atHaymarket Square Riot
○ One of theAnarchistsbombed it, but most believedit
was the Knights of Labor
○ Unions associated withradical
■ American Federation of Labor (AFL)
● Better wages and working conditions
SUMMARY:
Because of the rise of industry, there was a growing middle class/white collar jobs and
growing working poor/blue collar workers. They worked long hours, low pay, high rent in
company towns, and in unsafe conditions. This led to labor unions and stikes. The ARU led
the Pulman strike, which showed that the federal government would always take the
corporations side. The Great Railroad strike of 1877 was successful though. The Knights of
Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) worked to end child labor and help
laborers. The Knights of Labor would end with the Haymarket Square Riot.
How can these notes even help me?
● WHAP vs APUSH Mindsets
○ The AP Histories have three types of FRQ structures:
■ Comparison
■ Change and Continuities over Time (CCOT)
■ Causation
○ APUSHtends to useCCOTandCausationmore because of us focusing on ONE
region.
■ YOU should understand US history as specific instances ofCAUSEand
EFFECT→ which helps with CCOT
● Ok, how will these notes help?
○ I organized these notes as chronologicalBECAUSEX,EFFECTY, to understand
how events create what history is now.
○ People,Wars, Battles, andTreatieshighlight contexts to set the stage.
○ Specific Vocabwill be seen on tests and should be used in your FRQs
● How would I even use these?
○ NEVERONLY READ ANY NOTES
■ Everything will go over your head andnothingwill besynthesized
■ To understand APUSH, you need to trace the dots of Causations and CCOT
○ 1) Use these in tandem withHeimler’sHistory(or equivalent)
○ 2) Active Recall is your best friend!
■ APUSH needs you to recall specifics fast! What are some examples of
nomadic American Indians? Why did Columbus explore the New World,
and what was theEFFECT?
■ Active Recall will increase speed and accuracy (in all classes!) Here is
how I did it under a time crunch:
, 27
APUSH - Period 6 (1865–1898)
What were the causes and effects of mechanization, urbanization, and migration?
● Rise of Industrial Capitalism
○ Governments and Private Businesses →Railroads encouraged mass production
and consumerism
○ BECAUSE:Panic of 1893
○ Led to:1/4 Railroads declared bankruptcy
○ EFFECT:Bankers swooped in, and ⅔ of Railroads wereowned by 7 entities
■ Regional Monopolies
○ Bessemer Process→Fast, Better Steel
● Rise of Monopolies
○ Andrew Carnegie
■ Vertical Integrationis where a business owns everystage of the
manufacturing process
■ Owned every part ofSteel Manufacturing
○ John D Rockefeller
■ Horizontal Integrationis where a business owns multiplefactories
that make it
■ Standard Oil
● Made his oil cheap enough and forced smaller businesses to
work under him
○ Laissez-Faire
■ Hands-off government in business regulation
○ Social Darwinism
■ Only theFittestpeople and enterprises deserve money
○ BECAUSE:of Monopolies taking over, killing competition
○ Led to: Sherman Antitrust Act - 1890
○ EFFECT Nothing → was never enforced
SUMMARY:
The Panic of 1893 led to private enterprises buying out the railroads, leading to
monopolies. Carnegie used vertical integration to control the steel industry, along with the
Bessemer process. Standard Oil/Rockefeller used Horizontal integration and bought out all
the other oil companies. Lassez-Faire policies created this, and the Sherman Antitrust act
attempted to fix it, but it was never enforced.
● Classes and Unions
, 28
○ Rise of Middle Class andWhite Collar Jobs
○ Laboring Class andBlue Collar Jobs
■ 6 Days a week with low income
■ Women had to support family through working
■ Unsafe, unsanitary conditions and Death
■ Company Townswith high rent
○ BECAUSE:There was an influx of immigrants and workwas not skilled
○ Led to:Corporations able to fire anyone with complaints
○ EFFECT:Labor Unionswith numbers for the Corporationsto listen
■ Great Railroad Strike 1877
● BECAUSE: Railroad companies cut wages during recession
● Led to: Strike became violent
● EFFECT Corporations listened and increased wages
■ Pulman Strike in Chicago
● BECAUSE:The Pullman Palace Car Company cut wagesbut
kept rents high,
● Led to:American Railway Union (ARU)led byEugeneV.
Debs, refused to handle trains carrying Pullman cars.
● EFFECT:Fearing economic collapse, the federal government
forbade the ARU from boycotting Pullman cars.
■ Knights of Labor
● Tried toabolishchild labor
● Bombing atHaymarket Square Riot
○ One of theAnarchistsbombed it, but most believedit
was the Knights of Labor
○ Unions associated withradical
■ American Federation of Labor (AFL)
● Better wages and working conditions
SUMMARY:
Because of the rise of industry, there was a growing middle class/white collar jobs and
growing working poor/blue collar workers. They worked long hours, low pay, high rent in
company towns, and in unsafe conditions. This led to labor unions and stikes. The ARU led
the Pulman strike, which showed that the federal government would always take the
corporations side. The Great Railroad strike of 1877 was successful though. The Knights of
Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) worked to end child labor and help
laborers. The Knights of Labor would end with the Haymarket Square Riot.
