LETRS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS (2025
UPDATE)
According to results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP),
which of the following is true?
a. Every state is about the same, on average.
b. Approximately 50 percent of fourth-graders are "proficient" or "advanced."
c. There is a steady increase in reading scores across all groups.
d. Gaps persist between certain subgroups of students. - ANSWER-Gaps persist
between certain subgroups of students.
Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to understand what
you read relies on multiple components. Once readers become more skilled in word
recognition, which of the following components increase in their importance?
a. spelling and phonemic awareness
b. orthographic knowledge and background knowledge
c. cognates and syllable awareness
d. background knowledge and vocabulary - ANSWER-background knowledge and
vocabulary
Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to
process spoken and written language?
a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than
alphabetic writing.
b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language equally well.
c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally well, but have not
evolved to process alphabetic writing.
d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we process alphabetic
writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively recent achievement. - ANSWER-Our
brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic
writing.
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography?
a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic.
b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages.
c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. - ANSWER-Its
spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading
comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension?
, a. Word recognition is much more important.
b. Language comprehension is much more important.
c. Word recognition is slightly more important.
d. Both are equally important. - ANSWER-Both are equally important.
Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and
verbal comprehension as factors in reading comprehension?
a. As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral
reading fluency.
b. Oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are equally important throughout
childhood and adolescence.
c. As children get older, verbal comprehension matters less, and oral reading fluency
becomes more important.
d. Although oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are both important, a child
with problems in one domain can usually use the other domain to compensate. -
ANSWER-As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than
oral reading fluency.
Which of these is an example of morphology?
a. We use polite phrases like excuse me and thank you when addressing someone of
higher social status.
b. We recognize that the nonsense word hufflelumps could be a real word in English,
but ngapkez could not.
c. We tend to structure paragraphs with a main idea supported by details.
d. We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe all contain the root uni,
meaning "one." - ANSWER-We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe
all contain the root uni, meaning "one."
Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language?
a. It generally uses complete, well-formed sentences.
b. It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized.
c. It may use unusual or topic-specific vocabulary.
d. Its sounds are coarticulated in words. - ANSWER-It does not use paragraphs and
tends to be disorganized.
How does the language system of pragmatics help us to understand why written
language is more structured than spoken language?
a. Written language is highly structured because we expect certain types of writing,
such as stories, to follow established organizational conventions.
b. Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language,
so there is less need for it to be highly structured.
UPDATE)
According to results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP),
which of the following is true?
a. Every state is about the same, on average.
b. Approximately 50 percent of fourth-graders are "proficient" or "advanced."
c. There is a steady increase in reading scores across all groups.
d. Gaps persist between certain subgroups of students. - ANSWER-Gaps persist
between certain subgroups of students.
Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to understand what
you read relies on multiple components. Once readers become more skilled in word
recognition, which of the following components increase in their importance?
a. spelling and phonemic awareness
b. orthographic knowledge and background knowledge
c. cognates and syllable awareness
d. background knowledge and vocabulary - ANSWER-background knowledge and
vocabulary
Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to
process spoken and written language?
a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than
alphabetic writing.
b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language equally well.
c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally well, but have not
evolved to process alphabetic writing.
d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we process alphabetic
writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively recent achievement. - ANSWER-Our
brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic
writing.
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography?
a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic.
b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages.
c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. - ANSWER-Its
spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading
comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension?
, a. Word recognition is much more important.
b. Language comprehension is much more important.
c. Word recognition is slightly more important.
d. Both are equally important. - ANSWER-Both are equally important.
Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and
verbal comprehension as factors in reading comprehension?
a. As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral
reading fluency.
b. Oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are equally important throughout
childhood and adolescence.
c. As children get older, verbal comprehension matters less, and oral reading fluency
becomes more important.
d. Although oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are both important, a child
with problems in one domain can usually use the other domain to compensate. -
ANSWER-As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than
oral reading fluency.
Which of these is an example of morphology?
a. We use polite phrases like excuse me and thank you when addressing someone of
higher social status.
b. We recognize that the nonsense word hufflelumps could be a real word in English,
but ngapkez could not.
c. We tend to structure paragraphs with a main idea supported by details.
d. We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe all contain the root uni,
meaning "one." - ANSWER-We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe
all contain the root uni, meaning "one."
Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language?
a. It generally uses complete, well-formed sentences.
b. It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized.
c. It may use unusual or topic-specific vocabulary.
d. Its sounds are coarticulated in words. - ANSWER-It does not use paragraphs and
tends to be disorganized.
How does the language system of pragmatics help us to understand why written
language is more structured than spoken language?
a. Written language is highly structured because we expect certain types of writing,
such as stories, to follow established organizational conventions.
b. Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language,
so there is less need for it to be highly structured.
