NSG 5003 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Risk
Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
●● Prevalence
Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases
is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A
prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a
population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
●● Incidence
Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of
time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a
disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease
divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,●● Ratio
Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
●● Primary Prevention
Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
●● Secondary Prevention
Answer: Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
●● Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
,example: education
●● Epidemiology
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
●● Endemic
Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
●● Epidemic
Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
●● Pandemic
Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
●● *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Answer:
, ●● Homeostasis
Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
●● Exhausation
Answer: Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
●● Allostatic Overload
Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on
the body
●● Adaptation
Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
●● Arousal
Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Risk
Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
●● Prevalence
Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases
is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A
prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a
population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
●● Incidence
Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of
time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a
disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease
divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,●● Ratio
Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
●● Primary Prevention
Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
●● Secondary Prevention
Answer: Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
●● Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
,example: education
●● Epidemiology
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
●● Endemic
Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
●● Epidemic
Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
●● Pandemic
Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
●● *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Answer:
, ●● Homeostasis
Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
●● Exhausation
Answer: Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
●● Allostatic Overload
Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on
the body
●● Adaptation
Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
●● Arousal
Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
