Diplomatie
Inhoudsopgave
Session 2: History – Pre-Modern and Early Modern Diplomacy..........................1
Les.................................................................................................................................. 2
Geschiedenis van diplomatie: 10 Punten.....................................................................4
Een conceptuele geschiedenis van diplomatie............................................................4
Diplomatie in Griekenland...........................................................................................7
Romeinse diplomatie................................................................................................... 9
Byzantijnse diplomatie................................................................................................ 9
Venetië...................................................................................................................... 10
De vorming van een complex instituut: Renaissance-diplomatie...............................11
Tekst 1: Raymond Cohen, ‘Diplomacy Through the Ages’.............................................12
Vragen over de tekst................................................................................................. 12
Introductie................................................................................................................. 12
Diplomatie in het Oude Nabije Oosten......................................................................13
Klassieke diplomatie.................................................................................................. 15
Europese diplomatie.................................................................................................. 20
Conclusie................................................................................................................... 23
Tekst 2: Fletcher, Catherine, Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident
Ambassador.................................................................................................................. 24
Onderzoek................................................................................................................. 24
Het conceptualiseren van de residerende ambassadeur...........................................24
Informatie en communicatie......................................................................................32
Tekst 3: Christian Windler, ‘From social status to sovereignty – practices of foreign
relations from the Renaissance to the Sattelzeit’..........................................................35
Session 3: Theory - Definitions, Concepts, and Theories.................................36
Les................................................................................................................................ 38
Tekst 1: Geoffrey Wiseman, 'Diplomacy'.......................................................................47
Vragen over deze tekst............................................................................................. 47
Introductie................................................................................................................. 49
Geschiedenis van het onderwerp..............................................................................50
Basis Theorieën en Concepten..................................................................................57
Differentiëren van Mondiale, Regionale en Nationale Diplomatieke Culturen............58
, Conclusie: Belangrijke Vooruitgang en Lopende Debatten........................................63
Tekst 2: Rebecca Adler-Nissen, ‘Conclusion: Relationalism or why diplomats find
international relations theory strange’..........................................................................66
De kloof tussen diplomatie en de theorie van Internationale Betrekkingen (IR)........66
Diplomatie als "Folk Relationalism" (Volksrelationalisme)..........................................66
Twee substantiële beelden van diplomatie in IR-theorieën........................................67
Relationalisme: Diplomatie als sociale verstrengeling (Social Entanglement)...........68
Diplomatie als "Het smeren van de wielen" (Mediation of Estrangement).................69
Gevaren van het volksrelationalisme: Van systeemonderhoud naar governance......69
Conclusie van de auteur............................................................................................ 70
Tekst 3: Melissen, J., and Chandrasekara, G. (2025). 'Theorising and Debating the
Domestic Deficit in IR and Diplomatic Studies'.............................................................70
Introductie: Het 'binnenlandse tekort' en 'home engagement'..................................70
Blinde vlekken in de academische theorieën.............................................................71
De versnelde vermaatschappelijking (Societisation) van diplomatie.........................72
Diplomatie, democratie en 'Deliberative Governing'.................................................72
Digitalisering en de rol van de burger (People's Agency)..........................................73
De elitaire blik, ongelijkheid en 'Participatory Dissonance'........................................74
Conclusie en de toekomst: Systeembenadering en Transnationalisering...................74
Tekst 4: Yaqing Qin, 'Diplomacy as Relational Practice'................................................75
Introductie en Abstract.............................................................................................. 75
Diplomatie als Relationele Praktijk (Diplomacy as Relational Practice)......................75
MFA's als 'Pivotal Relators' (Centrale Relatiebeheerders)..........................................76
Twee Filosofische Principes voor Relatiebeheer.........................................................77
Conclusie................................................................................................................... 78
Session 4: Leaders – Diplomacy at the Highest Level......................................78
Les................................................................................................................................ 80
Topdiplomatie; diplomatie op het hoogste niveau.....................................................80
Tekst 1: Wong, S. (2021). ‘One-upmanship and putdowns: the aggressive use of
interaction rituals in face-to-face diplomacy’................................................................87
Abstract..................................................................................................................... 87
Samenvatting............................................................................................................ 88
Tekst 2: Ku, M., Mitzen, J. (2022). 'The Dark Matter of World Politics: System Trust,
Summits, and State Personhood, International Organization 76 (Fall)..........................96
Introductie: De blinde vlek van Interpersoonlijk Vertrouwen in IR..............................96
Systeemvertrouwen (System Trust) als "Donkere Materie"........................................97
Drie Kenmerken van Systeemvertrouwen..................................................................97
, Topdiplomatie (Summitry) als Performatie.................................................................98
Casestudy: De Top in Genève (1985) tussen Reagan en Gorbatsjov..........................98
Gevolg: Het gevaar van dalend Systeemvertrouwen.................................................99
Tekst 3: Melissen, J. (2004). 'Summit Diplomacy Coming of Age'................................100
Introductie en Abstract............................................................................................ 100
Wat is topdiplomatie en hoe is het veranderd?........................................................100
De hoogtijdagen: Waarom is topdiplomatie zo explosief gegroeid?.........................101
De schaduwzijde: 'Post-modern blues' en de prijs van de top.................................102
De crisis en volwassenwording van de multilaterale top (Summit climb-down).......103
Conclusie van de auteur.......................................................................................... 104
Session 5: Consular – Diplomacy and Society...............................................104
Les.............................................................................................................................. 106
Tekst 1: Okano-Heijmans, M. (2013). ‘Consular affairs and diplomacy’.......................106
Abstract en sleutelwoorden.....................................................................................106
Consulaire zaken door de eeuwen heen..................................................................106
Individuen en bijstand............................................................................................. 109
Context.................................................................................................................... 109
Consulaire zaken en diplomatie...............................................................................110
Consulair bestuur en politiek...................................................................................112
Tekst 2: Haugevik, K. (2018). ‘Parental Child Abduction and the State; Identity,
Diplomacy and the Duty of Care’................................................................................114
Introductie en Abstract............................................................................................ 114
De Limieten van Staatszorg: 'Caretaker' vs. 'Rescuer'.............................................115
Ontologische Veiligheid en Staatsidentiteit.............................................................115
Diplomatie en Ouderlijke Kinderontvoering.............................................................116
Casestudy: Noorwegen en het Marokko-incident (2009)..........................................116
Conclusie: Waarom Noorwegen 'moest' ingrijpen....................................................117
Tekst 3: Melissen, J. (2020), 'The First Consular Challenge: Communicating Assistance
to Nationals Abroad'................................................................................................... 117
1. Introduction (Introductie)....................................................................................118
Background (Achtergrond)......................................................................................119
The puzzle of the public (De puzzel van het publiek)..............................................120
Digital dimensions (Digitale dimensies)...................................................................122
Consular diplomacy and foreign policy (Consulaire diplomatie en buitenlands beleid)
................................................................................................................................ 125
Tekst 4: Tindall K., 't Hart, P. (2017) 'Evaluating Government Performance During
Consular Emergencies: Toward an Analytical Framework'..........................................126
, The challenge of consular emergencies (De uitdaging van consulaire noodsituaties)
................................................................................................................................ 126
Toward an evaluation framework (Naar een evaluatiekader)...................................128
Constructing the framework (Het kader construeren).............................................128
Conclusion (Conclusie)............................................................................................ 131
Session 6: Science – Janus-faced science & technology diplomacy.................131
Les.............................................................................................................................. 133
Tekst 1: Pierre-Bruno Ruffini, 'Collaboration and Competition: The Twofold Logic of
Science Diplomacy...................................................................................................... 138
Introduction (Introductie)........................................................................................138
Internationale wetenschappelijke samenwerking staat centraal in de mainstream
benadering.............................................................................................................. 139
Conclusion (Conclusie)............................................................................................ 145
Tekst 2: Simone Turchetti, Matthew Adamson, Giulia Rispoli, Doubravka Olsakova, and
Sam Robinson, 'Introduction: Just Needham to Nixon? On Writing the History of
"Science Diplomacy"'..................................................................................................145
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... 145
Samenvatting tekst................................................................................................. 146
Tekst 3: Frank L. Smith III, 'Advancing Science Diplomacy and the US Naval Medical
Research Unit'............................................................................................................ 149
RESEARCH (Onderzoek)........................................................................................... 149
Intro......................................................................................................................... 150
The political science of science diplomacy (De politicologie van de
wetenschapsdiplomatie).......................................................................................... 150
The rise and demise of science diplomacy through NAMRU-2 (De opkomst en
ondergang van wetenschapsdiplomatie via NAMRU-2)............................................151
Unexplained variation (Onverklaarde variatie)........................................................151
Propositions to improve theory and practice (Voorstellen om theorie en praktijk te
verbeteren)............................................................................................................. 153
Session 7: Digitalisation – Adaptive, Hybrid or Blended Diplomacy................153
Les.............................................................................................................................. 155
Intro......................................................................................................................... 155
Publieksdiplomatie versus traditionele diplomatie..................................................155
Waarom publieksdiplomatie?...................................................................................157
Publieksdiplomatie 1.0 en de Nieuwe PD.................................................................158
De vraag naar nieuwe diplomatieke praktijken.......................................................159
Inhoudsopgave
Session 2: History – Pre-Modern and Early Modern Diplomacy..........................1
Les.................................................................................................................................. 2
Geschiedenis van diplomatie: 10 Punten.....................................................................4
Een conceptuele geschiedenis van diplomatie............................................................4
Diplomatie in Griekenland...........................................................................................7
Romeinse diplomatie................................................................................................... 9
Byzantijnse diplomatie................................................................................................ 9
Venetië...................................................................................................................... 10
De vorming van een complex instituut: Renaissance-diplomatie...............................11
Tekst 1: Raymond Cohen, ‘Diplomacy Through the Ages’.............................................12
Vragen over de tekst................................................................................................. 12
Introductie................................................................................................................. 12
Diplomatie in het Oude Nabije Oosten......................................................................13
Klassieke diplomatie.................................................................................................. 15
Europese diplomatie.................................................................................................. 20
Conclusie................................................................................................................... 23
Tekst 2: Fletcher, Catherine, Diplomacy in Renaissance Rome: The Rise of the Resident
Ambassador.................................................................................................................. 24
Onderzoek................................................................................................................. 24
Het conceptualiseren van de residerende ambassadeur...........................................24
Informatie en communicatie......................................................................................32
Tekst 3: Christian Windler, ‘From social status to sovereignty – practices of foreign
relations from the Renaissance to the Sattelzeit’..........................................................35
Session 3: Theory - Definitions, Concepts, and Theories.................................36
Les................................................................................................................................ 38
Tekst 1: Geoffrey Wiseman, 'Diplomacy'.......................................................................47
Vragen over deze tekst............................................................................................. 47
Introductie................................................................................................................. 49
Geschiedenis van het onderwerp..............................................................................50
Basis Theorieën en Concepten..................................................................................57
Differentiëren van Mondiale, Regionale en Nationale Diplomatieke Culturen............58
, Conclusie: Belangrijke Vooruitgang en Lopende Debatten........................................63
Tekst 2: Rebecca Adler-Nissen, ‘Conclusion: Relationalism or why diplomats find
international relations theory strange’..........................................................................66
De kloof tussen diplomatie en de theorie van Internationale Betrekkingen (IR)........66
Diplomatie als "Folk Relationalism" (Volksrelationalisme)..........................................66
Twee substantiële beelden van diplomatie in IR-theorieën........................................67
Relationalisme: Diplomatie als sociale verstrengeling (Social Entanglement)...........68
Diplomatie als "Het smeren van de wielen" (Mediation of Estrangement).................69
Gevaren van het volksrelationalisme: Van systeemonderhoud naar governance......69
Conclusie van de auteur............................................................................................ 70
Tekst 3: Melissen, J., and Chandrasekara, G. (2025). 'Theorising and Debating the
Domestic Deficit in IR and Diplomatic Studies'.............................................................70
Introductie: Het 'binnenlandse tekort' en 'home engagement'..................................70
Blinde vlekken in de academische theorieën.............................................................71
De versnelde vermaatschappelijking (Societisation) van diplomatie.........................72
Diplomatie, democratie en 'Deliberative Governing'.................................................72
Digitalisering en de rol van de burger (People's Agency)..........................................73
De elitaire blik, ongelijkheid en 'Participatory Dissonance'........................................74
Conclusie en de toekomst: Systeembenadering en Transnationalisering...................74
Tekst 4: Yaqing Qin, 'Diplomacy as Relational Practice'................................................75
Introductie en Abstract.............................................................................................. 75
Diplomatie als Relationele Praktijk (Diplomacy as Relational Practice)......................75
MFA's als 'Pivotal Relators' (Centrale Relatiebeheerders)..........................................76
Twee Filosofische Principes voor Relatiebeheer.........................................................77
Conclusie................................................................................................................... 78
Session 4: Leaders – Diplomacy at the Highest Level......................................78
Les................................................................................................................................ 80
Topdiplomatie; diplomatie op het hoogste niveau.....................................................80
Tekst 1: Wong, S. (2021). ‘One-upmanship and putdowns: the aggressive use of
interaction rituals in face-to-face diplomacy’................................................................87
Abstract..................................................................................................................... 87
Samenvatting............................................................................................................ 88
Tekst 2: Ku, M., Mitzen, J. (2022). 'The Dark Matter of World Politics: System Trust,
Summits, and State Personhood, International Organization 76 (Fall)..........................96
Introductie: De blinde vlek van Interpersoonlijk Vertrouwen in IR..............................96
Systeemvertrouwen (System Trust) als "Donkere Materie"........................................97
Drie Kenmerken van Systeemvertrouwen..................................................................97
, Topdiplomatie (Summitry) als Performatie.................................................................98
Casestudy: De Top in Genève (1985) tussen Reagan en Gorbatsjov..........................98
Gevolg: Het gevaar van dalend Systeemvertrouwen.................................................99
Tekst 3: Melissen, J. (2004). 'Summit Diplomacy Coming of Age'................................100
Introductie en Abstract............................................................................................ 100
Wat is topdiplomatie en hoe is het veranderd?........................................................100
De hoogtijdagen: Waarom is topdiplomatie zo explosief gegroeid?.........................101
De schaduwzijde: 'Post-modern blues' en de prijs van de top.................................102
De crisis en volwassenwording van de multilaterale top (Summit climb-down).......103
Conclusie van de auteur.......................................................................................... 104
Session 5: Consular – Diplomacy and Society...............................................104
Les.............................................................................................................................. 106
Tekst 1: Okano-Heijmans, M. (2013). ‘Consular affairs and diplomacy’.......................106
Abstract en sleutelwoorden.....................................................................................106
Consulaire zaken door de eeuwen heen..................................................................106
Individuen en bijstand............................................................................................. 109
Context.................................................................................................................... 109
Consulaire zaken en diplomatie...............................................................................110
Consulair bestuur en politiek...................................................................................112
Tekst 2: Haugevik, K. (2018). ‘Parental Child Abduction and the State; Identity,
Diplomacy and the Duty of Care’................................................................................114
Introductie en Abstract............................................................................................ 114
De Limieten van Staatszorg: 'Caretaker' vs. 'Rescuer'.............................................115
Ontologische Veiligheid en Staatsidentiteit.............................................................115
Diplomatie en Ouderlijke Kinderontvoering.............................................................116
Casestudy: Noorwegen en het Marokko-incident (2009)..........................................116
Conclusie: Waarom Noorwegen 'moest' ingrijpen....................................................117
Tekst 3: Melissen, J. (2020), 'The First Consular Challenge: Communicating Assistance
to Nationals Abroad'................................................................................................... 117
1. Introduction (Introductie)....................................................................................118
Background (Achtergrond)......................................................................................119
The puzzle of the public (De puzzel van het publiek)..............................................120
Digital dimensions (Digitale dimensies)...................................................................122
Consular diplomacy and foreign policy (Consulaire diplomatie en buitenlands beleid)
................................................................................................................................ 125
Tekst 4: Tindall K., 't Hart, P. (2017) 'Evaluating Government Performance During
Consular Emergencies: Toward an Analytical Framework'..........................................126
, The challenge of consular emergencies (De uitdaging van consulaire noodsituaties)
................................................................................................................................ 126
Toward an evaluation framework (Naar een evaluatiekader)...................................128
Constructing the framework (Het kader construeren).............................................128
Conclusion (Conclusie)............................................................................................ 131
Session 6: Science – Janus-faced science & technology diplomacy.................131
Les.............................................................................................................................. 133
Tekst 1: Pierre-Bruno Ruffini, 'Collaboration and Competition: The Twofold Logic of
Science Diplomacy...................................................................................................... 138
Introduction (Introductie)........................................................................................138
Internationale wetenschappelijke samenwerking staat centraal in de mainstream
benadering.............................................................................................................. 139
Conclusion (Conclusie)............................................................................................ 145
Tekst 2: Simone Turchetti, Matthew Adamson, Giulia Rispoli, Doubravka Olsakova, and
Sam Robinson, 'Introduction: Just Needham to Nixon? On Writing the History of
"Science Diplomacy"'..................................................................................................145
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... 145
Samenvatting tekst................................................................................................. 146
Tekst 3: Frank L. Smith III, 'Advancing Science Diplomacy and the US Naval Medical
Research Unit'............................................................................................................ 149
RESEARCH (Onderzoek)........................................................................................... 149
Intro......................................................................................................................... 150
The political science of science diplomacy (De politicologie van de
wetenschapsdiplomatie).......................................................................................... 150
The rise and demise of science diplomacy through NAMRU-2 (De opkomst en
ondergang van wetenschapsdiplomatie via NAMRU-2)............................................151
Unexplained variation (Onverklaarde variatie)........................................................151
Propositions to improve theory and practice (Voorstellen om theorie en praktijk te
verbeteren)............................................................................................................. 153
Session 7: Digitalisation – Adaptive, Hybrid or Blended Diplomacy................153
Les.............................................................................................................................. 155
Intro......................................................................................................................... 155
Publieksdiplomatie versus traditionele diplomatie..................................................155
Waarom publieksdiplomatie?...................................................................................157
Publieksdiplomatie 1.0 en de Nieuwe PD.................................................................158
De vraag naar nieuwe diplomatieke praktijken.......................................................159
