Neuro- en cognitieve wetenschappen:
partim psychiatrie
,Les1aNeuroanatomie................................................................................................................4
Zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................................4
Subcorticaleregio’s................................................................................................................11
Hippocampaleformatie..........................................................................................................14
Diencephalon.........................................................................................................................15
Structureleneuroanatomischeafwijkingeninpsychiatrischeaandoeningen.........................16
Les1b:Meetmethodesindeklinischeneurowetenschappen..............................................18
Klinischeneurowetenschappen.............................................................................................18
Meetmethodesinklinischeneurowetenschappen.................................................................18
Neuropsychologischetaken...................................................................................................19
Beeldvorming.........................................................................................................................23
Les2:Ontwikkelingvanhetvolwassenbreinenhersenplasticiteit....................................32
Neuroplasticiteit.....................................................................................................................32
1.Neurogenese.....................................................................................................................33
2.Celexpansie......................................................................................................................40
3.Verfijningvandeverbindingen...........................................................................................41
4.Apoptose............................................................................................................................43
Les3:inflammatieenimmuniteit.............................................................................................49
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................49
1.Watisneuroinflammatie?..................................................................................................49
2.Immuniteitenstress...........................................................................................................57
3.Immuniteitenpsychiatrischeaandoeningen......................................................................60
Les4:Plezierbeleving...............................................................................................................68
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................68
1.Leerpsychologischebasisprincipesenconditionering.......................................................68
2.Rewardsysteem................................................................................................................70
3.Invloedvandefrontalehersenregio’s................................................................................78
Les5:Woedeenagressie.........................................................................................................82
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................82
1.Watiswoedeenagressie?................................................................................................82
2.Defensieveversusaanvallendeagressie..........................................................................85
3.Neurobiologievanagressie...............................................................................................85
4.Agressie&psychopathologie............................................................................................93
Biologievanagressie:conclusie............................................................................................98
Les6a:Hechting........................................................................................................................99
Hechten.................................................................................................................................99
Hechting:attachmenttheory..................................................................................................99
Ouderlijkgedrag..................................................................................................................102
Psychiatrischeaandoeningengekenmerktdoorverstoordesocialevaardigheden.............110
Les6b:GeslachtenSeksualiteit............................................................................................113
2
, Inhoud..................................................................................................................................113
Gender&Gedragspatronen.................................................................................................113
ImpactophetgedragvanGeslachtshormonen...................................................................116
Biologievanmonogamie.....................................................................................................120
Biologievannon-normatieveseksueleorientatie/beleving..................................................122
Geslachtshormonenenpsychopathologie...........................................................................126
Les7:Cognitie:Geheugen,intelligentie,aandacht.............................................................129
Geheugen............................................................................................................................129
Intelligentie...........................................................................................................................136
Aandacht..............................................................................................................................139
Les8a:Depressie....................................................................................................................143
MajeureDepressievestoornis:DSMcriteria.......................................................................143
Les8b:Schizofrenie................................................................................................................154
Klinischepresentatieenverloop..........................................................................................154
2.Neurobiologievanschizofrenie........................................................................................157
Eendimensionelebenadering.............................................................................................167
Behandelingvanschizofrenie..............................................................................................168
Perceptieenobjectherkenning..............................................................................................170
VisuelePerceptie.................................................................................................................170
Verschiltussenperceptieenherkenning.............................................................................176
Meetmethodeninklinischeneurowetenschappen-Preklinischemodellen.....................187
KNW~studie(werkingvan)brein.......................................................................................187
Watiseen“diermodel”?.......................................................................................................187
Diermodelleninonderzoek:Toepassing..............................................................................188
Watiseengoeddiermodel?................................................................................................195
WelketypesdiermodellenbestaanervoorKNW?..............................................................202
Conclusie.............................................................................................................................210
Les2:Neurotransmissie.........................................................................................................211
Herhaling..............................................................................................................................211
Neurotransmitters................................................................................................................215
Hormonenenhetbrein........................................................................................................231
Les3a:Eetlust.........................................................................................................................238
Metaboolsetpoint～Nature&nurture................................................................................238
Eetlustsignalen....................................................................................................................242
Verstoringeneetlust.............................................................................................................250
Les3b:Angst...........................................................................................................................254
Inleiding...............................................................................................................................254
Neurobiologischemechanismen..........................................................................................255
3.Angststoornissen.............................................................................................................267
3
partim psychiatrie
,Les1aNeuroanatomie................................................................................................................4
Zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................................4
Subcorticaleregio’s................................................................................................................11
Hippocampaleformatie..........................................................................................................14
Diencephalon.........................................................................................................................15
Structureleneuroanatomischeafwijkingeninpsychiatrischeaandoeningen.........................16
Les1b:Meetmethodesindeklinischeneurowetenschappen..............................................18
Klinischeneurowetenschappen.............................................................................................18
Meetmethodesinklinischeneurowetenschappen.................................................................18
Neuropsychologischetaken...................................................................................................19
Beeldvorming.........................................................................................................................23
Les2:Ontwikkelingvanhetvolwassenbreinenhersenplasticiteit....................................32
Neuroplasticiteit.....................................................................................................................32
1.Neurogenese.....................................................................................................................33
2.Celexpansie......................................................................................................................40
3.Verfijningvandeverbindingen...........................................................................................41
4.Apoptose............................................................................................................................43
Les3:inflammatieenimmuniteit.............................................................................................49
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................49
1.Watisneuroinflammatie?..................................................................................................49
2.Immuniteitenstress...........................................................................................................57
3.Immuniteitenpsychiatrischeaandoeningen......................................................................60
Les4:Plezierbeleving...............................................................................................................68
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................68
1.Leerpsychologischebasisprincipesenconditionering.......................................................68
2.Rewardsysteem................................................................................................................70
3.Invloedvandefrontalehersenregio’s................................................................................78
Les5:Woedeenagressie.........................................................................................................82
Inhoud....................................................................................................................................82
1.Watiswoedeenagressie?................................................................................................82
2.Defensieveversusaanvallendeagressie..........................................................................85
3.Neurobiologievanagressie...............................................................................................85
4.Agressie&psychopathologie............................................................................................93
Biologievanagressie:conclusie............................................................................................98
Les6a:Hechting........................................................................................................................99
Hechten.................................................................................................................................99
Hechting:attachmenttheory..................................................................................................99
Ouderlijkgedrag..................................................................................................................102
Psychiatrischeaandoeningengekenmerktdoorverstoordesocialevaardigheden.............110
Les6b:GeslachtenSeksualiteit............................................................................................113
2
, Inhoud..................................................................................................................................113
Gender&Gedragspatronen.................................................................................................113
ImpactophetgedragvanGeslachtshormonen...................................................................116
Biologievanmonogamie.....................................................................................................120
Biologievannon-normatieveseksueleorientatie/beleving..................................................122
Geslachtshormonenenpsychopathologie...........................................................................126
Les7:Cognitie:Geheugen,intelligentie,aandacht.............................................................129
Geheugen............................................................................................................................129
Intelligentie...........................................................................................................................136
Aandacht..............................................................................................................................139
Les8a:Depressie....................................................................................................................143
MajeureDepressievestoornis:DSMcriteria.......................................................................143
Les8b:Schizofrenie................................................................................................................154
Klinischepresentatieenverloop..........................................................................................154
2.Neurobiologievanschizofrenie........................................................................................157
Eendimensionelebenadering.............................................................................................167
Behandelingvanschizofrenie..............................................................................................168
Perceptieenobjectherkenning..............................................................................................170
VisuelePerceptie.................................................................................................................170
Verschiltussenperceptieenherkenning.............................................................................176
Meetmethodeninklinischeneurowetenschappen-Preklinischemodellen.....................187
KNW~studie(werkingvan)brein.......................................................................................187
Watiseen“diermodel”?.......................................................................................................187
Diermodelleninonderzoek:Toepassing..............................................................................188
Watiseengoeddiermodel?................................................................................................195
WelketypesdiermodellenbestaanervoorKNW?..............................................................202
Conclusie.............................................................................................................................210
Les2:Neurotransmissie.........................................................................................................211
Herhaling..............................................................................................................................211
Neurotransmitters................................................................................................................215
Hormonenenhetbrein........................................................................................................231
Les3a:Eetlust.........................................................................................................................238
Metaboolsetpoint～Nature&nurture................................................................................238
Eetlustsignalen....................................................................................................................242
Verstoringeneetlust.............................................................................................................250
Les3b:Angst...........................................................................................................................254
Inleiding...............................................................................................................................254
Neurobiologischemechanismen..........................................................................................255
3.Angststoornissen.............................................................................................................267
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