NSG 5003 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM |COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
100% RATED EXPERT SOLUTIONS |2026 LATEST UPDATED
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
A) LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation
B) LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques
C) LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines
D) LDLs direct microphages to the site in the endothelium - (answer)Ans: A- LDLs cause
smooth muscle proliferation
Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
A) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
B) interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF)
C) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
D) interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(M-CSF) - (answer)Ans: C- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and
interleukin 1 (IL-1)
,When endothelia cells are injured, which alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
A) toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are released
B) cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines
C) cells produce an increased amount of anti-thrombotic cytokines
D) cells develop hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids - (answer)Ans: B- cells are unable
to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines
Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension?
A) increased norepinephrine
B) adducin
C) angiotensin II
D)insulin resistance - (answer)Ans: C- angiotensin II
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?
A) atherosclerosis cause ischemia of the intima
, B) atherosclerosis increases nitric oxide
C) atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall
D) atherosclerosis obstructs the vessel - (answer)Ans: C- atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall
Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy vessel walls and those that
promote clot formation?
A) inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present
B) hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery are present
C) excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of the artery are present
D) evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the artery are present -
(answer)Ans: A- inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present
Which for of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasm of one or more
coronary arteries?
A) unstable
B) stable
C) silent
100% RATED EXPERT SOLUTIONS |2026 LATEST UPDATED
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
A) LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation
B) LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques
C) LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines
D) LDLs direct microphages to the site in the endothelium - (answer)Ans: A- LDLs cause
smooth muscle proliferation
Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
A) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
B) interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF)
C) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1)
D) interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(M-CSF) - (answer)Ans: C- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and
interleukin 1 (IL-1)
,When endothelia cells are injured, which alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
A) toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are released
B) cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines
C) cells produce an increased amount of anti-thrombotic cytokines
D) cells develop hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids - (answer)Ans: B- cells are unable
to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines
Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension?
A) increased norepinephrine
B) adducin
C) angiotensin II
D)insulin resistance - (answer)Ans: C- angiotensin II
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?
A) atherosclerosis cause ischemia of the intima
, B) atherosclerosis increases nitric oxide
C) atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall
D) atherosclerosis obstructs the vessel - (answer)Ans: C- atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall
Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy vessel walls and those that
promote clot formation?
A) inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present
B) hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery are present
C) excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of the artery are present
D) evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the artery are present -
(answer)Ans: A- inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present
Which for of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasm of one or more
coronary arteries?
A) unstable
B) stable
C) silent
