Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 4: RESEARCH PROBLEMS, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES..........................................3
1. Communicating research problems and questions...........................................................................................4
2. Developing en refining research problems.......................................................................................................4
3. Communicating research problems and questions...........................................................................................4
4. Research hypotheses.........................................................................................................................................4
HOOFDSTUK 7: ETHICS IN RESEARCH.............................................................................................................. 5
1. Ethics ans research............................................................................................................................................5
2. Ethical principles for protecting study participants..........................................................................................6
3. Procedures for protecting study participants...................................................................................................6
4. Andere ethische problemen..............................................................................................................................6
HOOFDSTUK 9: QUATITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN........................................................................................... 7
1. Experimental design..........................................................................................................................................7
Ranomized controlled trial...............................................................................................................................7
2. Quasi experiments..........................................................................................................................................10
Nonequivalent control group design..............................................................................................................10
Time series designs.........................................................................................................................................10
Other quasi-experimental design...................................................................................................................11
Voor- en nadelen:...........................................................................................................................................11
3. Nonexperimental/ Observational research.....................................................................................................11
Correlational Cause-Probing research............................................................................................................11
Descriptive Research......................................................................................................................................13
HOOFDSTUK 10: RIGOR AND VALIDITY IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH............................................................13
1. Statistical Conclusion Validity.........................................................................................................................13
Statistical power.............................................................................................................................................13
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................14
2. Internal Validity...............................................................................................................................................14
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................14
Data-analyse...................................................................................................................................................15
3. Construct Validity............................................................................................................................................15
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................15
4. External Validity..............................................................................................................................................16
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................16
HOOFDSTUK 11: SPECIFIC TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE STUDIES........................................................................16
1. Clinical Trials...................................................................................................................................................16
Fase 1: Developing the best possible treatment............................................................................................16
Fase 2: Pilot Study..........................................................................................................................................17
Fase 3: Ranomized Controlled Trial................................................................................................................17
Fase 4: Effectiveness Study.............................................................................................................................17
Practical Clinical Trials:...................................................................................................................................18
2. Evaluation Research........................................................................................................................................18
Proces/ Implementation analyse....................................................................................................................18
, Outcome analyse............................................................................................................................................18
Impact analyse................................................................................................................................................18
Cost analyse....................................................................................................................................................19
3. Health services and outcomes research..........................................................................................................19
Health service research..................................................................................................................................19
Outcome research..........................................................................................................................................19
Models of Health Care Quality.......................................................................................................................19
Patiënt Risk Adjustment.................................................................................................................................20
Nursing-sensitive outcomes...........................................................................................................................20
4. Survey Research..............................................................................................................................................20
Personal/ Face-to-face interviews..................................................................................................................21
Telefonische interviews..................................................................................................................................21
Vragenlijsten...................................................................................................................................................21
Nieuwe technologiën.....................................................................................................................................21
5. Andere types van Research.............................................................................................................................21
Secundaire analyse.........................................................................................................................................21
Needs assessments.........................................................................................................................................21
Delphi Survey..................................................................................................................................................22
Replication Studies.........................................................................................................................................22
Methodologic Studies.....................................................................................................................................22
Quality Improvement Projects (QI)................................................................................................................22
HOOFDSTUK 12: SAMPLING IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH............................................................................22
1. Non-Probility Sampling...................................................................................................................................23
Convenience Sampling...................................................................................................................................23
Quota Sampling..............................................................................................................................................23
Consecutive Sampling.....................................................................................................................................23
Purposive Sampling........................................................................................................................................23
2. Probability Sampling.......................................................................................................................................23
Sample Random Sampling..............................................................................................................................23
Stratified Random Sampling...........................................................................................................................24
Multistage Cluster Sampling...........................................................................................................................24
Systematic Sampling.......................................................................................................................................24
HOOFDSTUK 13: DATA COLLECTION IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH................................................................24
1. Developing a data collection plan...................................................................................................................24
Stap 1: Identifying data needs........................................................................................................................25
Stap 2: Selecting types of measures...............................................................................................................25
Stap 3: Selecting and developing instruments...............................................................................................26
Stap 4: Pretesting the data collection package..............................................................................................26
Stap 5: Developing data collection forms and procedures............................................................................27
2. Structured self-report instruments..................................................................................................................27
Specifieke types van gesloten vragen............................................................................................................27
Samengestelde schalen en andere gestructureerde zelfrapportage.............................................................28
Ontwerpen van gestructureerde zelfrapportage instrumenten....................................................................28
Evaluatie van gestructureerde zelfrapportage...............................................................................................29
3. Gestructureerde observaties...........................................................................................................................30
HOOFDSTUK 14: MEASUREMENT AND DATA QUALITY..................................................................................30
1. Measurement..................................................................................................................................................30
Gestructureerde metingen van contruct:......................................................................................................31
Psychometrische beoordeling:.......................................................................................................................31
Fouten van metingen:....................................................................................................................................31
, Major types of measure.................................................................................................................................31
2. Measurement properties: an overview...........................................................................................................31
Measurement taxonomy................................................................................................................................31
3. Reliability.........................................................................................................................................................32
Test-hertest betrouwbaarheid.......................................................................................................................33
Interrater en intrarater betrouwbaarheid.....................................................................................................33
Parallel test betrouwbaarheid........................................................................................................................33
Factoren die betrouwbaarheid beïnvloeden..................................................................................................34
Interne consistentie........................................................................................................................................34
4. Validity............................................................................................................................................................34
Inhoud en gezichtsvaliditeit...........................................................................................................................34
Criterium validiteit..........................................................................................................................................34
Construct validiteit.........................................................................................................................................35
5. Reliability of change scores.............................................................................................................................36
Measuring change..........................................................................................................................................36
The smalest detectable change (SDC)............................................................................................................36
The reliability change index (RCI)...................................................................................................................36
6. Responsiveness...............................................................................................................................................36
De criteria benadering tot responsiviteit.......................................................................................................36
De construct benadering tot responsiviteit...................................................................................................37
HOOFDSTUK 26: BASICS OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH.............................................................................37
1. Gebruik van mixed methods...........................................................................................................................37
Covergent design............................................................................................................................................37
Explanatory sequential design........................................................................................................................38
Exploratory sequential design........................................................................................................................38
2. Soorten Mixed Methods..................................................................................................................................38
Partially Mixed Methods................................................................................................................................38
Fully Mixed Methods......................................................................................................................................38
3. Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................38
EPIDEMIOLOGY: BASIS CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS....................................................................................39
1. Introductie.......................................................................................................................................................39
2. Measures of Disease Fresuency......................................................................................................................40
Prevalentie van ziekten..................................................................................................................................40
Incidentie van ziekten.....................................................................................................................................41
Person-Time at Risk........................................................................................................................................42
Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................42
Mortaliteit......................................................................................................................................................42
Life Expectancy...............................................................................................................................................43
3. Standardization...............................................................................................................................................43
4. Measures of Association.................................................................................................................................44
Cohort studies................................................................................................................................................45
Case-Control Studie........................................................................................................................................47
Voor- en nadelen............................................................................................................................................49
Risk Function: Interaction...............................................................................................................................49
HOOFDSTUK 4: RESEARCH PROBLEMS, RESEARCH
QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES.
, 1. Communicating research problems and questions.
Quantitatief onderziek Kwalitatief onderzoek
Bronnen voor onderzoeksproblemen:
- Klinische ervaring
- Kwaliteit verbetering
- Verpleegkundige literatuur
- Sociale problemen
- Theorieën
- Ideeën van externe bronnen
2. Developing en refining research problems.
1. Selecteer een onderwerp.
2. Vernauw het onderwerp.
3. Evalueer uw probleemstelling.
Significantie van het probleem
Mogelijkheid tot onderzoek
Haalbaarheid
Interessegebied van de onderzoeker
3. Communicating research problems and questions.
PICO (population – Intervention – Controle – Outcome)
Populatie:
steekproef die representatief is voor de hele populatie
Intervention:
wat gaan we als interventie doen.
Controle:
Controle groep
Outcome = Uitkomstmaat
Met wat of hoe we gaan meten om te bepalen of de interventie al dan niet resultat heeft gehad.
Outcome is niet hetzelfde als resultaat. Al dan niet bereiken van die outcome is het resultaat.
Moderator variabelen Mediating variabelen
4. Research hypotheses.
-Functie van quantitatief onderzoek
HOOFDSTUK 4: RESEARCH PROBLEMS, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES..........................................3
1. Communicating research problems and questions...........................................................................................4
2. Developing en refining research problems.......................................................................................................4
3. Communicating research problems and questions...........................................................................................4
4. Research hypotheses.........................................................................................................................................4
HOOFDSTUK 7: ETHICS IN RESEARCH.............................................................................................................. 5
1. Ethics ans research............................................................................................................................................5
2. Ethical principles for protecting study participants..........................................................................................6
3. Procedures for protecting study participants...................................................................................................6
4. Andere ethische problemen..............................................................................................................................6
HOOFDSTUK 9: QUATITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN........................................................................................... 7
1. Experimental design..........................................................................................................................................7
Ranomized controlled trial...............................................................................................................................7
2. Quasi experiments..........................................................................................................................................10
Nonequivalent control group design..............................................................................................................10
Time series designs.........................................................................................................................................10
Other quasi-experimental design...................................................................................................................11
Voor- en nadelen:...........................................................................................................................................11
3. Nonexperimental/ Observational research.....................................................................................................11
Correlational Cause-Probing research............................................................................................................11
Descriptive Research......................................................................................................................................13
HOOFDSTUK 10: RIGOR AND VALIDITY IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH............................................................13
1. Statistical Conclusion Validity.........................................................................................................................13
Statistical power.............................................................................................................................................13
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................14
2. Internal Validity...............................................................................................................................................14
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................14
Data-analyse...................................................................................................................................................15
3. Construct Validity............................................................................................................................................15
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................15
4. External Validity..............................................................................................................................................16
Gevaren:.........................................................................................................................................................16
HOOFDSTUK 11: SPECIFIC TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE STUDIES........................................................................16
1. Clinical Trials...................................................................................................................................................16
Fase 1: Developing the best possible treatment............................................................................................16
Fase 2: Pilot Study..........................................................................................................................................17
Fase 3: Ranomized Controlled Trial................................................................................................................17
Fase 4: Effectiveness Study.............................................................................................................................17
Practical Clinical Trials:...................................................................................................................................18
2. Evaluation Research........................................................................................................................................18
Proces/ Implementation analyse....................................................................................................................18
, Outcome analyse............................................................................................................................................18
Impact analyse................................................................................................................................................18
Cost analyse....................................................................................................................................................19
3. Health services and outcomes research..........................................................................................................19
Health service research..................................................................................................................................19
Outcome research..........................................................................................................................................19
Models of Health Care Quality.......................................................................................................................19
Patiënt Risk Adjustment.................................................................................................................................20
Nursing-sensitive outcomes...........................................................................................................................20
4. Survey Research..............................................................................................................................................20
Personal/ Face-to-face interviews..................................................................................................................21
Telefonische interviews..................................................................................................................................21
Vragenlijsten...................................................................................................................................................21
Nieuwe technologiën.....................................................................................................................................21
5. Andere types van Research.............................................................................................................................21
Secundaire analyse.........................................................................................................................................21
Needs assessments.........................................................................................................................................21
Delphi Survey..................................................................................................................................................22
Replication Studies.........................................................................................................................................22
Methodologic Studies.....................................................................................................................................22
Quality Improvement Projects (QI)................................................................................................................22
HOOFDSTUK 12: SAMPLING IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH............................................................................22
1. Non-Probility Sampling...................................................................................................................................23
Convenience Sampling...................................................................................................................................23
Quota Sampling..............................................................................................................................................23
Consecutive Sampling.....................................................................................................................................23
Purposive Sampling........................................................................................................................................23
2. Probability Sampling.......................................................................................................................................23
Sample Random Sampling..............................................................................................................................23
Stratified Random Sampling...........................................................................................................................24
Multistage Cluster Sampling...........................................................................................................................24
Systematic Sampling.......................................................................................................................................24
HOOFDSTUK 13: DATA COLLECTION IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH................................................................24
1. Developing a data collection plan...................................................................................................................24
Stap 1: Identifying data needs........................................................................................................................25
Stap 2: Selecting types of measures...............................................................................................................25
Stap 3: Selecting and developing instruments...............................................................................................26
Stap 4: Pretesting the data collection package..............................................................................................26
Stap 5: Developing data collection forms and procedures............................................................................27
2. Structured self-report instruments..................................................................................................................27
Specifieke types van gesloten vragen............................................................................................................27
Samengestelde schalen en andere gestructureerde zelfrapportage.............................................................28
Ontwerpen van gestructureerde zelfrapportage instrumenten....................................................................28
Evaluatie van gestructureerde zelfrapportage...............................................................................................29
3. Gestructureerde observaties...........................................................................................................................30
HOOFDSTUK 14: MEASUREMENT AND DATA QUALITY..................................................................................30
1. Measurement..................................................................................................................................................30
Gestructureerde metingen van contruct:......................................................................................................31
Psychometrische beoordeling:.......................................................................................................................31
Fouten van metingen:....................................................................................................................................31
, Major types of measure.................................................................................................................................31
2. Measurement properties: an overview...........................................................................................................31
Measurement taxonomy................................................................................................................................31
3. Reliability.........................................................................................................................................................32
Test-hertest betrouwbaarheid.......................................................................................................................33
Interrater en intrarater betrouwbaarheid.....................................................................................................33
Parallel test betrouwbaarheid........................................................................................................................33
Factoren die betrouwbaarheid beïnvloeden..................................................................................................34
Interne consistentie........................................................................................................................................34
4. Validity............................................................................................................................................................34
Inhoud en gezichtsvaliditeit...........................................................................................................................34
Criterium validiteit..........................................................................................................................................34
Construct validiteit.........................................................................................................................................35
5. Reliability of change scores.............................................................................................................................36
Measuring change..........................................................................................................................................36
The smalest detectable change (SDC)............................................................................................................36
The reliability change index (RCI)...................................................................................................................36
6. Responsiveness...............................................................................................................................................36
De criteria benadering tot responsiviteit.......................................................................................................36
De construct benadering tot responsiviteit...................................................................................................37
HOOFDSTUK 26: BASICS OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH.............................................................................37
1. Gebruik van mixed methods...........................................................................................................................37
Covergent design............................................................................................................................................37
Explanatory sequential design........................................................................................................................38
Exploratory sequential design........................................................................................................................38
2. Soorten Mixed Methods..................................................................................................................................38
Partially Mixed Methods................................................................................................................................38
Fully Mixed Methods......................................................................................................................................38
3. Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................38
EPIDEMIOLOGY: BASIS CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS....................................................................................39
1. Introductie.......................................................................................................................................................39
2. Measures of Disease Fresuency......................................................................................................................40
Prevalentie van ziekten..................................................................................................................................40
Incidentie van ziekten.....................................................................................................................................41
Person-Time at Risk........................................................................................................................................42
Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................42
Mortaliteit......................................................................................................................................................42
Life Expectancy...............................................................................................................................................43
3. Standardization...............................................................................................................................................43
4. Measures of Association.................................................................................................................................44
Cohort studies................................................................................................................................................45
Case-Control Studie........................................................................................................................................47
Voor- en nadelen............................................................................................................................................49
Risk Function: Interaction...............................................................................................................................49
HOOFDSTUK 4: RESEARCH PROBLEMS, RESEARCH
QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES.
, 1. Communicating research problems and questions.
Quantitatief onderziek Kwalitatief onderzoek
Bronnen voor onderzoeksproblemen:
- Klinische ervaring
- Kwaliteit verbetering
- Verpleegkundige literatuur
- Sociale problemen
- Theorieën
- Ideeën van externe bronnen
2. Developing en refining research problems.
1. Selecteer een onderwerp.
2. Vernauw het onderwerp.
3. Evalueer uw probleemstelling.
Significantie van het probleem
Mogelijkheid tot onderzoek
Haalbaarheid
Interessegebied van de onderzoeker
3. Communicating research problems and questions.
PICO (population – Intervention – Controle – Outcome)
Populatie:
steekproef die representatief is voor de hele populatie
Intervention:
wat gaan we als interventie doen.
Controle:
Controle groep
Outcome = Uitkomstmaat
Met wat of hoe we gaan meten om te bepalen of de interventie al dan niet resultat heeft gehad.
Outcome is niet hetzelfde als resultaat. Al dan niet bereiken van die outcome is het resultaat.
Moderator variabelen Mediating variabelen
4. Research hypotheses.
-Functie van quantitatief onderzoek
