VERPLEEGKUNDIGE
METHODIEKEN
Examen Juni 2021
2020-2021
1 Verpleegkunde
Thomas More – Lier
Margot Uytterhoeven
,1
,Inhoud
HOOFDSTUK 1: Voeding en stofwisselingspatroon .......................................................................................................... 8
Oriëntatie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Behoeften aan voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................................................ 8
Honger en dorst ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Voedselkeuze ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Voedingstoestand ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Goede voeding .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Gegevens verzamelen over voeding ............................................................................................................................. 9
Soorten gegevens...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Belemmering voeding ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Specifieke klachten ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Verpleegkundige diagnosen........................................................................................................................................ 10
Ondervoeding ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Overvoeding ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Slikstoornis .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Vochttekort ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Verpleegkundige interventies ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Vaardigheden .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Hulp bij de maaltijd ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Opstellen vochtbalans............................................................................................................................................. 12
Plaatsen maagsonde ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Sondevoeding.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Verpleegkundige aspecten bij toedienen sondevoeding ............................................................................................ 15
Methode van toediening......................................................................................................................................... 15
Contaminatie sondevoeding ................................................................................................................................... 16
Houding zorgvrager................................................................................................................................................. 16
Geneesmiddelen en sondevoeding......................................................................................................................... 16
Complicaties sondevoeding .................................................................................................................................... 16
HOOFDSTUK 2: Uitscheidingspatroon............................................................................................................................. 17
Oriëntatie .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Uitscheidingssystemen ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Functies ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Bestanddelen .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Incontinentie ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Beïnvloedende factoren.............................................................................................................................................. 18
Gegevens verzamelen over urineren .......................................................................................................................... 18
Observatie urine...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Observatie urinelozing ............................................................................................................................................ 18
2
, Gegevens verzamelen over defactie ........................................................................................................................... 19
Observatie stoelgang .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Observatie defactie ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Verpleegkundige diagnosen uitscheiding ................................................................................................................... 20
Urineretentie........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Incontinentie ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Diarree..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Overloopdiarree ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Obstipatie ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Vermeende obstipatie ............................................................................................................................................ 23
Vaardigheden .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Soorten laxativa .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Zwelmiddelen.......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Osmotische laxativa ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Contact-laxativa ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Snel werkende orale laxativa .................................................................................................................................. 24
Rectale laxativa ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Stomazorg ................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Tijdelijk/ blijvend ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Indicaties ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Soorten .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Opvangmateriaal..................................................................................................................................................... 25
Verzorging stoma .................................................................................................................................................... 26
Voeding ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Huidproblemen ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Stomaproblemen .................................................................................................................................................... 28
HOOFDSTUK 3: Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Wat is diabetes? .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Wat is insuline ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Classificatie.................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Diabetes Type 1....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Diabetes type 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Gestationeerde diabetes......................................................................................................................................... 30
Secundaire diabetes ................................................................................................................................................ 30
Diagnose...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Meten glycemie .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Dieet ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31
3
METHODIEKEN
Examen Juni 2021
2020-2021
1 Verpleegkunde
Thomas More – Lier
Margot Uytterhoeven
,1
,Inhoud
HOOFDSTUK 1: Voeding en stofwisselingspatroon .......................................................................................................... 8
Oriëntatie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Behoeften aan voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................................................ 8
Honger en dorst ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Voedselkeuze ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Voedingstoestand ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Goede voeding .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Gegevens verzamelen over voeding ............................................................................................................................. 9
Soorten gegevens...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Belemmering voeding ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Specifieke klachten ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Verpleegkundige diagnosen........................................................................................................................................ 10
Ondervoeding ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Overvoeding ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Slikstoornis .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Vochttekort ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Verpleegkundige interventies ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Vaardigheden .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Hulp bij de maaltijd ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Opstellen vochtbalans............................................................................................................................................. 12
Plaatsen maagsonde ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Sondevoeding.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Verpleegkundige aspecten bij toedienen sondevoeding ............................................................................................ 15
Methode van toediening......................................................................................................................................... 15
Contaminatie sondevoeding ................................................................................................................................... 16
Houding zorgvrager................................................................................................................................................. 16
Geneesmiddelen en sondevoeding......................................................................................................................... 16
Complicaties sondevoeding .................................................................................................................................... 16
HOOFDSTUK 2: Uitscheidingspatroon............................................................................................................................. 17
Oriëntatie .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Uitscheidingssystemen ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Functies ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Bestanddelen .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Incontinentie ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Beïnvloedende factoren.............................................................................................................................................. 18
Gegevens verzamelen over urineren .......................................................................................................................... 18
Observatie urine...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Observatie urinelozing ............................................................................................................................................ 18
2
, Gegevens verzamelen over defactie ........................................................................................................................... 19
Observatie stoelgang .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Observatie defactie ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Verpleegkundige diagnosen uitscheiding ................................................................................................................... 20
Urineretentie........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Incontinentie ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Diarree..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Overloopdiarree ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Obstipatie ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Vermeende obstipatie ............................................................................................................................................ 23
Vaardigheden .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Soorten laxativa .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Zwelmiddelen.......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Osmotische laxativa ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Contact-laxativa ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Snel werkende orale laxativa .................................................................................................................................. 24
Rectale laxativa ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Stomazorg ................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Tijdelijk/ blijvend ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Indicaties ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Soorten .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Opvangmateriaal..................................................................................................................................................... 25
Verzorging stoma .................................................................................................................................................... 26
Voeding ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Huidproblemen ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Stomaproblemen .................................................................................................................................................... 28
HOOFDSTUK 3: Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Wat is diabetes? .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Wat is insuline ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Classificatie.................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Diabetes Type 1....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Diabetes type 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Gestationeerde diabetes......................................................................................................................................... 30
Secundaire diabetes ................................................................................................................................................ 30
Diagnose...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Meten glycemie .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Dieet ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31
3
