Crossculturele psychologie
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 2: Wat is cultuur ?..................................................................................................................4
1
,2.1: Wat is cultuur ?.................................................................................................................................4
2.2: Definities van cultuur........................................................................................................................4
2.3: Cultuur is adaptief............................................................................................................................6
2.4: Wat is cultuur niet ?..........................................................................................................................6
2.3: Etnocentrisme...................................................................................................................................6
2.3.1: A case in point...............................................................................................................................6
2.3.2: Etnocentrisme................................................................................................................................6
2.4: Cultuur en Psychologie: Is gedrag universeel of uniek aan een specifieke cultuur?.........................6
2.4.1: Twee benaderingen.......................................................................................................................6
2.4.2: Cross culturele psychologie...........................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 3: Onderzoeksmethoden I......................................................................................................7
3.1: Crosscultureel onderzoek met algemene onderzoeksmethoden.....................................................7
3.1.1: Samenstelling van de steekproef...................................................................................................7
3.1.2: Belang van culturele kennis...........................................................................................................8
3.1.3: Type onderzoek.............................................................................................................................8
3.1.4: Kwalitatief onderzoek: Interviews.................................................................................................8
3.1.5: Kwalitatief onderzoek: observaties................................................................................................8
3.1.6: Kwantitatief onderzoek: vragenlijsten...........................................................................................9
3.1.7: Kwantitatief onderzoek: experimenten.......................................................................................10
3.2: Specifieke onderzoeksmethoden voor crossculturele psychologie.................................................10
3.2.1: Situation sampling.......................................................................................................................10
3.2.2: Cultural priming...........................................................................................................................10
3.2.3: Unpacking....................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 3: Waarneming, aandacht, geheugen en intelligentie..........................................................11
3.1: Cultuur en cognitie.........................................................................................................................11
3.2: Waarneming & aandacht................................................................................................................11
3.3: Geheugen.......................................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 4: Waarneming, aandacht, geheugen en intelligentie..........................................................15
4.1: Het begrip intelligentie...................................................................................................................15
4.1.1: Ecocultureel ?..............................................................................................................................15
4.1.2: Wanneer is iemand intelligent ?..................................................................................................15
4.1.3: Intelligentie..................................................................................................................................16
4.2: Het meten van intelligentie............................................................................................................16
2
,4.2.1: Intelligentie cultuurgebonden.....................................................................................................16
4.2.2: Cultuurgebondenheid tests.........................................................................................................17
4.4.4: Cultuurvrije intelligentietest ?.....................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 5: Mentale gezondheid.........................................................................................................19
5.1: Wat is een psychologische stoornis ?.............................................................................................19
5.2: Cultuurgebonden stoornissen.........................................................................................................20
5.3: Eetstoornissen................................................................................................................................20
5.4:Zelfdoding........................................................................................................................................21
5.5: Cultuur en depressie.......................................................................................................................21
5.6: Schizofrenie....................................................................................................................................22
5.7: Bruikbaarheid diagnostische systemen...........................................................................................22
5.8: Behandeling van mentale problemen.............................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 6: Cultuur en emoties...........................................................................................................23
6.1: Twee benaderingen........................................................................................................................23
6.2: Componenten van emoties.............................................................................................................23
6.3: Cross-culturele vergelijking.............................................................................................................24
6.4: Betekenis voor de praktijk..............................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 7: Acculturatie......................................................................................................................25
7.1: Wat is acculturatie ?.......................................................................................................................25
7.2: Acculturatie stress..........................................................................................................................26
7.3: Acculturatie-strategieën.................................................................................................................26
7.4: Belang van de ontvangende samenleving.......................................................................................26
7.5: Acculturatie-strategieën en stress..................................................................................................27
7.6: Onbewust acculturatie ?.................................................................................................................27
Gastcollege............................................................................................................................................28
1: Multiculturaliteit en superdiversiteit.................................................................................................28
2: Termen voor de ‘andere’...................................................................................................................29
3: Maatschappelijke context rond migratie...........................................................................................29
4: Grootste migrantengroepen..............................................................................................................29
5: Migratie.............................................................................................................................................29
6: Superdiverse samenleving.................................................................................................................30
7: Vooroordelen.....................................................................................................................................30
8: Betekenis en cultuur en levensbeschouwing.....................................................................................30
3
, 9: Ziekteopvattingen en de zoektocht naar hulp...................................................................................31
10: Basishouding interculturele hulpverlening......................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 11: Diversiteit en onderwijs..................................................................................................32
11.1: (Super)diversiteit op school..........................................................................................................32
11.2: Segregatie en de lekkende pijplijn................................................................................................33
11.3: Omgaan met diversiteit op school................................................................................................33
11.3.1: De leerling zelf...........................................................................................................................33
11.3.2: Medeleerlingen..........................................................................................................................34
11.3.3: Leerkrachten..............................................................................................................................34
11.3.4: De school...................................................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 12: Superdiversiteit op het werk..........................................................................................35
12.1: Waarom inzetten op diversiteit ?..................................................................................................35
12.2: Diversiteit is niet altijd gemakkelijk..............................................................................................36
12.3: Discriminatie en vooroordelen op de arbeidsmarkt.....................................................................36
12.4: Diversiteitsmanagement is nodig..................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 13: TOPOI model..................................................................................................................38
13.1: Wat is communicatie ?..................................................................................................................38
13.1.1: Definitie.....................................................................................................................................39
13.1.2: Theorie.......................................................................................................................................39
13.1.3: Cultuur & Communicatie...........................................................................................................40
13.2: TOPOI model.................................................................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 2: Wat is cultuur ?
2.1: Wat is cultuur ?
2.2: Definities van cultuur
Vele definities, brede (bv. natuur < -- > cultuur) of enge (kunst, bedrijfscultuur, jongerencultuur,…)
interpretatie.
Tylor (1871): een door de mens verworven complex geheel dat kennis, geloof, kunst, moraal, wetten,
gebruiken, en alle andere capaciteiten en gewoontes omvat
Herskovits (1948): het deel van de menselijke omgeving dat door mensen gemaakt is
4
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 2: Wat is cultuur ?..................................................................................................................4
1
,2.1: Wat is cultuur ?.................................................................................................................................4
2.2: Definities van cultuur........................................................................................................................4
2.3: Cultuur is adaptief............................................................................................................................6
2.4: Wat is cultuur niet ?..........................................................................................................................6
2.3: Etnocentrisme...................................................................................................................................6
2.3.1: A case in point...............................................................................................................................6
2.3.2: Etnocentrisme................................................................................................................................6
2.4: Cultuur en Psychologie: Is gedrag universeel of uniek aan een specifieke cultuur?.........................6
2.4.1: Twee benaderingen.......................................................................................................................6
2.4.2: Cross culturele psychologie...........................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 3: Onderzoeksmethoden I......................................................................................................7
3.1: Crosscultureel onderzoek met algemene onderzoeksmethoden.....................................................7
3.1.1: Samenstelling van de steekproef...................................................................................................7
3.1.2: Belang van culturele kennis...........................................................................................................8
3.1.3: Type onderzoek.............................................................................................................................8
3.1.4: Kwalitatief onderzoek: Interviews.................................................................................................8
3.1.5: Kwalitatief onderzoek: observaties................................................................................................8
3.1.6: Kwantitatief onderzoek: vragenlijsten...........................................................................................9
3.1.7: Kwantitatief onderzoek: experimenten.......................................................................................10
3.2: Specifieke onderzoeksmethoden voor crossculturele psychologie.................................................10
3.2.1: Situation sampling.......................................................................................................................10
3.2.2: Cultural priming...........................................................................................................................10
3.2.3: Unpacking....................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 3: Waarneming, aandacht, geheugen en intelligentie..........................................................11
3.1: Cultuur en cognitie.........................................................................................................................11
3.2: Waarneming & aandacht................................................................................................................11
3.3: Geheugen.......................................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 4: Waarneming, aandacht, geheugen en intelligentie..........................................................15
4.1: Het begrip intelligentie...................................................................................................................15
4.1.1: Ecocultureel ?..............................................................................................................................15
4.1.2: Wanneer is iemand intelligent ?..................................................................................................15
4.1.3: Intelligentie..................................................................................................................................16
4.2: Het meten van intelligentie............................................................................................................16
2
,4.2.1: Intelligentie cultuurgebonden.....................................................................................................16
4.2.2: Cultuurgebondenheid tests.........................................................................................................17
4.4.4: Cultuurvrije intelligentietest ?.....................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 5: Mentale gezondheid.........................................................................................................19
5.1: Wat is een psychologische stoornis ?.............................................................................................19
5.2: Cultuurgebonden stoornissen.........................................................................................................20
5.3: Eetstoornissen................................................................................................................................20
5.4:Zelfdoding........................................................................................................................................21
5.5: Cultuur en depressie.......................................................................................................................21
5.6: Schizofrenie....................................................................................................................................22
5.7: Bruikbaarheid diagnostische systemen...........................................................................................22
5.8: Behandeling van mentale problemen.............................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 6: Cultuur en emoties...........................................................................................................23
6.1: Twee benaderingen........................................................................................................................23
6.2: Componenten van emoties.............................................................................................................23
6.3: Cross-culturele vergelijking.............................................................................................................24
6.4: Betekenis voor de praktijk..............................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 7: Acculturatie......................................................................................................................25
7.1: Wat is acculturatie ?.......................................................................................................................25
7.2: Acculturatie stress..........................................................................................................................26
7.3: Acculturatie-strategieën.................................................................................................................26
7.4: Belang van de ontvangende samenleving.......................................................................................26
7.5: Acculturatie-strategieën en stress..................................................................................................27
7.6: Onbewust acculturatie ?.................................................................................................................27
Gastcollege............................................................................................................................................28
1: Multiculturaliteit en superdiversiteit.................................................................................................28
2: Termen voor de ‘andere’...................................................................................................................29
3: Maatschappelijke context rond migratie...........................................................................................29
4: Grootste migrantengroepen..............................................................................................................29
5: Migratie.............................................................................................................................................29
6: Superdiverse samenleving.................................................................................................................30
7: Vooroordelen.....................................................................................................................................30
8: Betekenis en cultuur en levensbeschouwing.....................................................................................30
3
, 9: Ziekteopvattingen en de zoektocht naar hulp...................................................................................31
10: Basishouding interculturele hulpverlening......................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 11: Diversiteit en onderwijs..................................................................................................32
11.1: (Super)diversiteit op school..........................................................................................................32
11.2: Segregatie en de lekkende pijplijn................................................................................................33
11.3: Omgaan met diversiteit op school................................................................................................33
11.3.1: De leerling zelf...........................................................................................................................33
11.3.2: Medeleerlingen..........................................................................................................................34
11.3.3: Leerkrachten..............................................................................................................................34
11.3.4: De school...................................................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 12: Superdiversiteit op het werk..........................................................................................35
12.1: Waarom inzetten op diversiteit ?..................................................................................................35
12.2: Diversiteit is niet altijd gemakkelijk..............................................................................................36
12.3: Discriminatie en vooroordelen op de arbeidsmarkt.....................................................................36
12.4: Diversiteitsmanagement is nodig..................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 13: TOPOI model..................................................................................................................38
13.1: Wat is communicatie ?..................................................................................................................38
13.1.1: Definitie.....................................................................................................................................39
13.1.2: Theorie.......................................................................................................................................39
13.1.3: Cultuur & Communicatie...........................................................................................................40
13.2: TOPOI model.................................................................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 2: Wat is cultuur ?
2.1: Wat is cultuur ?
2.2: Definities van cultuur
Vele definities, brede (bv. natuur < -- > cultuur) of enge (kunst, bedrijfscultuur, jongerencultuur,…)
interpretatie.
Tylor (1871): een door de mens verworven complex geheel dat kennis, geloof, kunst, moraal, wetten,
gebruiken, en alle andere capaciteiten en gewoontes omvat
Herskovits (1948): het deel van de menselijke omgeving dat door mensen gemaakt is
4
