635 Midterm Study Guide Exam with
Complete Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Which insulin has the shortest onset and short duration? - Answer Humalog (Lispro)
Novolog (Aspart)
Apara (Glulisine)
Which insulin has a short onset and duration? - Answer Neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)
Drug of choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answer Metformin
Mechanism of Action of metformin - Answer (1) Decrease gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis in
the liver/Inhibits glucose production in the liver
(2) Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
(3) Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues increasing glucose uptake
Why would we recommend a patient take an aspirin a day? - Answer Prevent clots, which
can lead to MI, CVA, PE
Side effect of taking too much aspirin - Answer Tinnitus
Anemic patient receiving epoetin, what do you need to monitor closely for? - Answer Blood
pressure - HTN
Black box/safety warning for erythropoiesis stimulating agents as they can cause? - Answer
Risk of tumors
Patient is diagnosed with angina, they have underlying atherosclerosis, what medications will
you be prescribing? - Answer (1)Statin
(2)Aspirin
(3)Nitroglycerin
If a patient wants to self-donate blood for their surgery, what would we prescribe? - Answer
Epoetin (Epogen) with iron
, If i have to prescribe iron for iron deficiency anemia, what lab will I want to check one week out
to make sure it is normalizing? - Answer Reticulocyte count
If prescribing iron replacement, what education should you include on how to take it? - Answer
With a glass of orange juice (vitamin C) will help absorption & on an empty stomach
What does pernicious anemia mean? - Answer Deathly/fatal anemia
What is pernicious anemia caused by? - Answer Lack of intrinsic factor
What do we need to monitor for in the first few day after taking B12 (Cyanocobalamin)? -
Answer Hypokalemia
How long would you expect NPH to take effect? - Answer 60-90 minutes
Biggest side effect to check for when treating diabetics with insulin or oral agents? - Answer
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms education - Answer Cold and clammy give me some
candy
tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, nervousness, headache, confusion, drowsy, convulsion,
coma, and death
Beta Blockers and alcohol when taking insulin? - Answer Mask signs of hypoglycemia
Can delay awareness of and response by masking signs of tachycardia, palpitations, and impairs
glycogenolysis
If a patient is switching from NPH (intermediate) twice a day to Glargine (long) once a day, what
do we need to do to the dosage? - Answer Decrease dosage by 20%
What do you need to monitor/consider if prescribing metformin? - Answer (1) Kidney
function/prior to*
(2) CT/w contrast
(3) Hydration status
(4) A1C
Complete Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
Which insulin has the shortest onset and short duration? - Answer Humalog (Lispro)
Novolog (Aspart)
Apara (Glulisine)
Which insulin has a short onset and duration? - Answer Neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)
Drug of choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answer Metformin
Mechanism of Action of metformin - Answer (1) Decrease gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis in
the liver/Inhibits glucose production in the liver
(2) Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
(3) Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues increasing glucose uptake
Why would we recommend a patient take an aspirin a day? - Answer Prevent clots, which
can lead to MI, CVA, PE
Side effect of taking too much aspirin - Answer Tinnitus
Anemic patient receiving epoetin, what do you need to monitor closely for? - Answer Blood
pressure - HTN
Black box/safety warning for erythropoiesis stimulating agents as they can cause? - Answer
Risk of tumors
Patient is diagnosed with angina, they have underlying atherosclerosis, what medications will
you be prescribing? - Answer (1)Statin
(2)Aspirin
(3)Nitroglycerin
If a patient wants to self-donate blood for their surgery, what would we prescribe? - Answer
Epoetin (Epogen) with iron
, If i have to prescribe iron for iron deficiency anemia, what lab will I want to check one week out
to make sure it is normalizing? - Answer Reticulocyte count
If prescribing iron replacement, what education should you include on how to take it? - Answer
With a glass of orange juice (vitamin C) will help absorption & on an empty stomach
What does pernicious anemia mean? - Answer Deathly/fatal anemia
What is pernicious anemia caused by? - Answer Lack of intrinsic factor
What do we need to monitor for in the first few day after taking B12 (Cyanocobalamin)? -
Answer Hypokalemia
How long would you expect NPH to take effect? - Answer 60-90 minutes
Biggest side effect to check for when treating diabetics with insulin or oral agents? - Answer
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms education - Answer Cold and clammy give me some
candy
tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, nervousness, headache, confusion, drowsy, convulsion,
coma, and death
Beta Blockers and alcohol when taking insulin? - Answer Mask signs of hypoglycemia
Can delay awareness of and response by masking signs of tachycardia, palpitations, and impairs
glycogenolysis
If a patient is switching from NPH (intermediate) twice a day to Glargine (long) once a day, what
do we need to do to the dosage? - Answer Decrease dosage by 20%
What do you need to monitor/consider if prescribing metformin? - Answer (1) Kidney
function/prior to*
(2) CT/w contrast
(3) Hydration status
(4) A1C
