NCE Study Guide (Rosenthal) with Complete Solutions
Erik Erikson - -Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 breeding ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers
psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how should be primary caretakers and fathers role is to support
people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked mother emotionally rather than nurturing the child himself.
by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who Believes in Birth Order. (Memory Hint: Bowlby, Bonding,
am I?" Came up with Identity Crisis Birth Order)
Carl Jung - -Field: neo-Freudian, analytic Jean Piaget - -Field: cognition; Contributions:
psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, said
unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve
unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation)
Studies: dream studies/interpretation - AniMA/AniMUS,
Shadow=Id, Persona=Mask, Move client toward Selfhood
(Similar to Self-Actualization). (Memory Hint: JA) Piaget's Stages - -Sensorimotor (0-2),
preoperational (2-6), concrete operations(6-11,
conservation), formal operations(11-15, Abstract thinking)
Sigmund Freud - -Field: psychoanalytic, personality;
Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure
principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by William Perry - -He is known for his work in adult
Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference cognitive development, specifically with college students.
He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black
Freud's Psychosexual Stages - -Oral stage (0- or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song
2;Breast) , Anal stage(2-4; Toilet), Phallic stage(4- Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.)
6;Oedipus), Latency stage (6-12;Defense Mechanisms),
Genital stage (12+;Sexual Maturity) (Memory Hint: O APL
G!) Lawrence Kohlberg - -Field: cognition, moral
development; Contributions: created a theory of moral
development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral
Oedipus Complex - -Feelings of rivalry with the reasoning rather than overt behavior. Famous Heinz study
parent of the same sex and sexual desire for the parent of (Would you steal meds for mom?)
the other sex, occurring during the phallic stage and
ultimately resolved through identification with the parent of
the same sex. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - -pre-
conventional (follow rules to avoid punishment, satisfy
personal needs), conventional (Works towards the good of
Ego Ideal - -Part of the superego that consists of society, Law and Order), post conventional (Rules are
what one would like to be; The superego compares the relative, Self-chosen priniciples)
ego's actions and will reward or punish the ego
accordingly; An overly rewarding or punishing superego
can be detrimental Daniel Levinson - -wrote Seasons of a Man's Life
and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife crises
as positive things, stating that those who do not face a
Abraham Maslow - -Field: humanism; Contributions: midlife crisis could become stagnant later in life- avoiding
hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level (safety and the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later.
psych) dominate an individual's motivation as long as they
are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence
Albert Bandura - -Field: sociocultural; Contributions:
pioneer in observational learning (social learning theory),
John Bowlby - -British psychologist- said that in stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of
order to lead a normal social life the child must bond to an others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated
adult before age 3. Saw bonding and attachment as 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play. Adult
having survival value (adaptive significance). If bond is more violent, child more violent. Think you see someone
severed at an early age, it is called object loss, which is a else's bandana and learn to like it so you want it.
, NCE Study Guide (Rosenthal) with Complete Solutions
Alloplastic - -refers to changing or adapting to the
Robert Havinghurst - -Believed that adolescence environment by effecting changes in the environment;
consisted of a series of developmental tasks; the skills, opposite of autoplastic (also Freud and Hysterical women
knowledge, and attitudes which must be acquired at viewed as autoplastic reactions)
successive points in individual development (Walk, Talk,
Eat Solid Food) (Memory Hint: Having Hurst you i will not
walk, talk and eat.) Paralanguage - -Vocalic behaviors that
communicate meaning along with verbal behavior; Usually
consider more accurate or true than verbal
Lev Vygotsky - -Field: child development; communication.
Contributions: (Social development theory) investigated
how culture & interpersonal communication guide
development, zone of proximal development; play Low context communication - -Type of
research communication with more direct and explicit expressions
of verbal messages. (Eurocentric)
Mary Ainsworth - -Field: development;
Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation, High context Communication - -grounded in the
devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange situation, depends on group understanding, relies heavily
Situation-observation of parent/child attachment on non-verbal cues, helps unify a culture, & is slow to
change.
Culture - -Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief
systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, Anglo-conformity theory - -Asserts that people from
including history, religion, politics, and resources other cultures would do well to forget about their heritage
(financial, informational, technological, material, energy, and try to become like those in the dominant, macroculture
warfare, and human).
Stages of Acculturation - -Cultural integration (Bi-
Types of Culture - -Biological Sameness (We all Cultural Identity), Cultural Assimilation (Embraces only
need food), National (Law), Regional (Behavior), Macro Culture), Separation (Accepts own culture, but not
Ecological (Environmental factors - Dress and Eat), Macro Macro Culture - Would work well with counselor from
(Majority), Micro (Minority) same culture in this stage.), Marginalization (Individual
does not accept own culture or macro).
Race - -A group of humans being distinguished by euphoria, culture shock, tentative recovery, and
physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or assimilation/adaptation/integration
genetically inherited characteristics.
Milton Erickson - -Developed the main tenets of
Ethnocentrism - -The belief that one's group is of strategic family therapy. Techniques: Storytelling,
central importance, tendency to judge the practices of Hypnosis, Unconscious confusion
other groups by one's own cultural standards.
Erikson's Stages of Development - -trust vs mistrust
Emic vs. Etic - -emic is pov of member, etic is pov (infancy; 0-18mos; Oral), autonomy vs shame (early
of outsider childhood; 18mos.-3; Anal), initiative vs guilt (preschool 3-
5; Phallic), industry vs inferiority(school age;6-11; Latent),
identity vs role confusion (Adolescence; 12-18; Genital),
Autoplastic - -Implies that the counselor helps the intimacy vs isolation (Young Adulthood; 19-40; Genital),
client change to cope with his or her environment; change generativitiy vs stagnation (Middle Adulthood; 40-65), ego
comes from within, automatic integrity vs despair (Maturity 65-death)
Erik Erikson - -Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 breeding ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers
psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how should be primary caretakers and fathers role is to support
people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked mother emotionally rather than nurturing the child himself.
by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who Believes in Birth Order. (Memory Hint: Bowlby, Bonding,
am I?" Came up with Identity Crisis Birth Order)
Carl Jung - -Field: neo-Freudian, analytic Jean Piaget - -Field: cognition; Contributions:
psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, said
unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve
unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; cognitive growth (assimilation and accommodation)
Studies: dream studies/interpretation - AniMA/AniMUS,
Shadow=Id, Persona=Mask, Move client toward Selfhood
(Similar to Self-Actualization). (Memory Hint: JA) Piaget's Stages - -Sensorimotor (0-2),
preoperational (2-6), concrete operations(6-11,
conservation), formal operations(11-15, Abstract thinking)
Sigmund Freud - -Field: psychoanalytic, personality;
Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure
principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by William Perry - -He is known for his work in adult
Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference cognitive development, specifically with college students.
He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black
Freud's Psychosexual Stages - -Oral stage (0- or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song
2;Breast) , Anal stage(2-4; Toilet), Phallic stage(4- Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.)
6;Oedipus), Latency stage (6-12;Defense Mechanisms),
Genital stage (12+;Sexual Maturity) (Memory Hint: O APL
G!) Lawrence Kohlberg - -Field: cognition, moral
development; Contributions: created a theory of moral
development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral
Oedipus Complex - -Feelings of rivalry with the reasoning rather than overt behavior. Famous Heinz study
parent of the same sex and sexual desire for the parent of (Would you steal meds for mom?)
the other sex, occurring during the phallic stage and
ultimately resolved through identification with the parent of
the same sex. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - -pre-
conventional (follow rules to avoid punishment, satisfy
personal needs), conventional (Works towards the good of
Ego Ideal - -Part of the superego that consists of society, Law and Order), post conventional (Rules are
what one would like to be; The superego compares the relative, Self-chosen priniciples)
ego's actions and will reward or punish the ego
accordingly; An overly rewarding or punishing superego
can be detrimental Daniel Levinson - -wrote Seasons of a Man's Life
and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife crises
as positive things, stating that those who do not face a
Abraham Maslow - -Field: humanism; Contributions: midlife crisis could become stagnant later in life- avoiding
hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level (safety and the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later.
psych) dominate an individual's motivation as long as they
are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence
Albert Bandura - -Field: sociocultural; Contributions:
pioneer in observational learning (social learning theory),
John Bowlby - -British psychologist- said that in stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of
order to lead a normal social life the child must bond to an others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated
adult before age 3. Saw bonding and attachment as 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play. Adult
having survival value (adaptive significance). If bond is more violent, child more violent. Think you see someone
severed at an early age, it is called object loss, which is a else's bandana and learn to like it so you want it.
, NCE Study Guide (Rosenthal) with Complete Solutions
Alloplastic - -refers to changing or adapting to the
Robert Havinghurst - -Believed that adolescence environment by effecting changes in the environment;
consisted of a series of developmental tasks; the skills, opposite of autoplastic (also Freud and Hysterical women
knowledge, and attitudes which must be acquired at viewed as autoplastic reactions)
successive points in individual development (Walk, Talk,
Eat Solid Food) (Memory Hint: Having Hurst you i will not
walk, talk and eat.) Paralanguage - -Vocalic behaviors that
communicate meaning along with verbal behavior; Usually
consider more accurate or true than verbal
Lev Vygotsky - -Field: child development; communication.
Contributions: (Social development theory) investigated
how culture & interpersonal communication guide
development, zone of proximal development; play Low context communication - -Type of
research communication with more direct and explicit expressions
of verbal messages. (Eurocentric)
Mary Ainsworth - -Field: development;
Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation, High context Communication - -grounded in the
devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange situation, depends on group understanding, relies heavily
Situation-observation of parent/child attachment on non-verbal cues, helps unify a culture, & is slow to
change.
Culture - -Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief
systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, Anglo-conformity theory - -Asserts that people from
including history, religion, politics, and resources other cultures would do well to forget about their heritage
(financial, informational, technological, material, energy, and try to become like those in the dominant, macroculture
warfare, and human).
Stages of Acculturation - -Cultural integration (Bi-
Types of Culture - -Biological Sameness (We all Cultural Identity), Cultural Assimilation (Embraces only
need food), National (Law), Regional (Behavior), Macro Culture), Separation (Accepts own culture, but not
Ecological (Environmental factors - Dress and Eat), Macro Macro Culture - Would work well with counselor from
(Majority), Micro (Minority) same culture in this stage.), Marginalization (Individual
does not accept own culture or macro).
Race - -A group of humans being distinguished by euphoria, culture shock, tentative recovery, and
physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or assimilation/adaptation/integration
genetically inherited characteristics.
Milton Erickson - -Developed the main tenets of
Ethnocentrism - -The belief that one's group is of strategic family therapy. Techniques: Storytelling,
central importance, tendency to judge the practices of Hypnosis, Unconscious confusion
other groups by one's own cultural standards.
Erikson's Stages of Development - -trust vs mistrust
Emic vs. Etic - -emic is pov of member, etic is pov (infancy; 0-18mos; Oral), autonomy vs shame (early
of outsider childhood; 18mos.-3; Anal), initiative vs guilt (preschool 3-
5; Phallic), industry vs inferiority(school age;6-11; Latent),
identity vs role confusion (Adolescence; 12-18; Genital),
Autoplastic - -Implies that the counselor helps the intimacy vs isolation (Young Adulthood; 19-40; Genital),
client change to cope with his or her environment; change generativitiy vs stagnation (Middle Adulthood; 40-65), ego
comes from within, automatic integrity vs despair (Maturity 65-death)
