ARBEID- EN
ORGANITATIEPSYCHOLOGIE
1
,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: INLEIDING EN SITUERING .....................................................................................10
AFBAKENING ................................................................................................................................. 10
HISTORISCHE ACHTERGROND: WETENSCHAPPELIJKE EVOLUTIES .................................................. 10
EVOLUTIE VAN MAATSCHAPPELIJKE BEELD OVER DE MENS IN EEN ARBEIDSSITUATIE ...................... 12
Rationeel-economische mens / scientific management / time and motion studies / Hawthorne effect
.................................................................................................................................................. 12
Tweefactorentheorie ................................................................................................................... 14
Dissatisfiers / satisfiers ........................................................................................................... 14
Job enlargement / Job enrichment ............................................................................................ 15
De complexe mens / behoeftenpyramide ..................................................................................... 16
WERKEN: WELKE PRESTATIE LEVEREN ? .......................................................................................... 16
Algemene modellen .................................................................................................................... 17
Competentiebenadering ............................................................................................................. 19
De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” .................................................................................... 20
HOOFDSTUK 2: EVIDENCEBASED MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................22
INTRO: WE HAVE A PROBLEM ......................................................................................................... 23
INTRO- ‘VERZACHTENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN’ ................................................................................ 24
DEFINITIE EBM ............................................................................................................................... 24
De 6 fases van EBM ..................................................................................................................... 25
Fase 1: ask ............................................................................................................................. 25
Fase 2: acquire ....................................................................................................................... 26
Fase 3: appraise ...................................................................................................................... 27
Fase 4: aggregate .................................................................................................................... 29
Fase 5: apply .......................................................................................................................... 30
Fase 6: assess ........................................................................................................................ 30
Kritische bedenkingen over EBM .................................................................................................. 31
HOOFDSTUK 3: DETERMINANTEN VAN GEDRAG ............................................................................32
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................... 32
DEEL 1: DETERMINANTEN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG ..........................................................................32
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: INTELLIGENTIE / COGNITIEVE VAARDIGHEDEN ......... 33
Specifiekere cognietieve vaardigheden ........................................................................................ 34
2
, DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: WAARDEN ............................................................... 36
Waardemodellen ........................................................................................................................ 37
Het belang van waarden voor individuen + organisaties ................................................................. 39
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: ATTITUDES ............................................................... 40
Cognitieve dissonantie ............................................................................................................ 42
Jobtevredenheid ......................................................................................................................... 43
Organisatiebetrokkenheid ........................................................................................................... 45
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: PERSOONLIJKHEID .................................................. 47
Definitie en kenmerken ............................................................................................................... 47
Hoeveel trekken zijn er ? .............................................................................................................. 48
Typologische benaderingen van persoonlijkheid ........................................................................... 50
Uitkomsten van persoonlijkheid op het werk................................................................................. 51
Specifieke uitkomsten relateren aan specifieke trekken ............................................................. 51
Trekactiviteit ........................................................................................................................... 52
Trekinteracties ........................................................................................................................ 52
Dynamiek van persoonlijkheid ..................................................................................................... 52
Kortermijnfluctuaties .............................................................................................................. 52
Langetermijnontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 53
Verder dan de Big Vife ................................................................................................................. 53
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: EMOTIONELE INTELLIGENTIE .................................... 54
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: INTERESSES ............................................................ 56
Interesses: Holland’s Riasac model ............................................................................................. 57
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: PERCEPTIE .............................................................. 58
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: LEERPROCESSEN .................................................... 59
DEEL 1: DETERMINANTEN VAN GEDRAG IN GROEPEN....................................................................60
GROEPEN EN TEAMS: OMSCHRIJVING ............................................................................................ 60
Definitie van team ....................................................................................................................... 61
Wanneer is teamwork een meerwaarde? ...................................................................................... 61
BASISELEMENTEN VAN TEAMS ....................................................................................................... 63
Rollen ........................................................................................................................................ 63
Normen ..................................................................................................................................... 64
Groepscohesie ........................................................................................................................... 65
Groepsgrootte ............................................................................................................................ 66
Groepsamenstelling ................................................................................................................... 67
Leiderschap ............................................................................................................................... 68
3
, Teamconflicten........................................................................................................................... 68
Gedeelde objectieven ................................................................................................................. 69
Reflexiviteit ................................................................................................................................ 69
GROEPSBESLUITVORMING............................................................................................................. 69
Biasen ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Technieken voor groepsbesluitvorming ........................................................................................ 70
Brainstorming ......................................................................................................................... 70
Nominale groepstechniek: ....................................................................................................... 70
Delphi-techniek ...................................................................................................................... 70
TEAMONTWIKKELING ..................................................................................................................... 71
HOOFDSTUK 4: MOTIVATIE OP HET WERK .....................................................................................72
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Overzicht ................................................................................................................................... 72
GEDRAGSBENADERING: BEHAVIORISME ........................................................................................ 72
COGNITIEVE THEORIEËN ............................................................................................................... 74
Equity theory .............................................................................................................................. 74
Organizational justice (rechtvaardigheid) .................................................................................. 75
Distributieve rechtvaardigheid.............................................................................................. 75
procedurele rechtvaardigheid .............................................................................................. 75
interactionele/interpersoonlijke rechtvaardigheid ................................................................. 75
Verwachtingswaardetheorie ........................................................................................................ 76
Toepassen .............................................................................................................................. 78
Theorie van gepland gedrag (TBP) ................................................................................................ 79
Verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen TPB en VIE-theory ............................................................. 81
Verschillen ............................................................................................................................. 81
Overeenkomsten .................................................................................................................... 81
Goal setting theorie .................................................................................................................... 81
Zelfreguleringstheorieën ............................................................................................................. 82
Controletheorie ...................................................................................................................... 82
Sociaal-cognitieve theorie ....................................................................................................... 82
Doelimplementatietheorie ...................................................................................................... 83
Hulpmiddelen-allocatietheorie ................................................................................................ 83
Handelingstheorie .................................................................................................................. 84
Theorie van het prestatiedoel ................................................................................................... 84
Regulatiefocustheorie ............................................................................................................. 85
4
ORGANITATIEPSYCHOLOGIE
1
,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: INLEIDING EN SITUERING .....................................................................................10
AFBAKENING ................................................................................................................................. 10
HISTORISCHE ACHTERGROND: WETENSCHAPPELIJKE EVOLUTIES .................................................. 10
EVOLUTIE VAN MAATSCHAPPELIJKE BEELD OVER DE MENS IN EEN ARBEIDSSITUATIE ...................... 12
Rationeel-economische mens / scientific management / time and motion studies / Hawthorne effect
.................................................................................................................................................. 12
Tweefactorentheorie ................................................................................................................... 14
Dissatisfiers / satisfiers ........................................................................................................... 14
Job enlargement / Job enrichment ............................................................................................ 15
De complexe mens / behoeftenpyramide ..................................................................................... 16
WERKEN: WELKE PRESTATIE LEVEREN ? .......................................................................................... 16
Algemene modellen .................................................................................................................... 17
Competentiebenadering ............................................................................................................. 19
De zoektocht naar het “ultieme criterium” .................................................................................... 20
HOOFDSTUK 2: EVIDENCEBASED MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................22
INTRO: WE HAVE A PROBLEM ......................................................................................................... 23
INTRO- ‘VERZACHTENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN’ ................................................................................ 24
DEFINITIE EBM ............................................................................................................................... 24
De 6 fases van EBM ..................................................................................................................... 25
Fase 1: ask ............................................................................................................................. 25
Fase 2: acquire ....................................................................................................................... 26
Fase 3: appraise ...................................................................................................................... 27
Fase 4: aggregate .................................................................................................................... 29
Fase 5: apply .......................................................................................................................... 30
Fase 6: assess ........................................................................................................................ 30
Kritische bedenkingen over EBM .................................................................................................. 31
HOOFDSTUK 3: DETERMINANTEN VAN GEDRAG ............................................................................32
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................... 32
DEEL 1: DETERMINANTEN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG ..........................................................................32
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: INTELLIGENTIE / COGNITIEVE VAARDIGHEDEN ......... 33
Specifiekere cognietieve vaardigheden ........................................................................................ 34
2
, DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: WAARDEN ............................................................... 36
Waardemodellen ........................................................................................................................ 37
Het belang van waarden voor individuen + organisaties ................................................................. 39
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: ATTITUDES ............................................................... 40
Cognitieve dissonantie ............................................................................................................ 42
Jobtevredenheid ......................................................................................................................... 43
Organisatiebetrokkenheid ........................................................................................................... 45
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: PERSOONLIJKHEID .................................................. 47
Definitie en kenmerken ............................................................................................................... 47
Hoeveel trekken zijn er ? .............................................................................................................. 48
Typologische benaderingen van persoonlijkheid ........................................................................... 50
Uitkomsten van persoonlijkheid op het werk................................................................................. 51
Specifieke uitkomsten relateren aan specifieke trekken ............................................................. 51
Trekactiviteit ........................................................................................................................... 52
Trekinteracties ........................................................................................................................ 52
Dynamiek van persoonlijkheid ..................................................................................................... 52
Kortermijnfluctuaties .............................................................................................................. 52
Langetermijnontwikkeling ........................................................................................................ 53
Verder dan de Big Vife ................................................................................................................. 53
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: EMOTIONELE INTELLIGENTIE .................................... 54
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: INTERESSES ............................................................ 56
Interesses: Holland’s Riasac model ............................................................................................. 57
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: PERCEPTIE .............................................................. 58
DETERMINANTEN VAN INDIVIDUEEL GEDRAG: LEERPROCESSEN .................................................... 59
DEEL 1: DETERMINANTEN VAN GEDRAG IN GROEPEN....................................................................60
GROEPEN EN TEAMS: OMSCHRIJVING ............................................................................................ 60
Definitie van team ....................................................................................................................... 61
Wanneer is teamwork een meerwaarde? ...................................................................................... 61
BASISELEMENTEN VAN TEAMS ....................................................................................................... 63
Rollen ........................................................................................................................................ 63
Normen ..................................................................................................................................... 64
Groepscohesie ........................................................................................................................... 65
Groepsgrootte ............................................................................................................................ 66
Groepsamenstelling ................................................................................................................... 67
Leiderschap ............................................................................................................................... 68
3
, Teamconflicten........................................................................................................................... 68
Gedeelde objectieven ................................................................................................................. 69
Reflexiviteit ................................................................................................................................ 69
GROEPSBESLUITVORMING............................................................................................................. 69
Biasen ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Technieken voor groepsbesluitvorming ........................................................................................ 70
Brainstorming ......................................................................................................................... 70
Nominale groepstechniek: ....................................................................................................... 70
Delphi-techniek ...................................................................................................................... 70
TEAMONTWIKKELING ..................................................................................................................... 71
HOOFDSTUK 4: MOTIVATIE OP HET WERK .....................................................................................72
INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Overzicht ................................................................................................................................... 72
GEDRAGSBENADERING: BEHAVIORISME ........................................................................................ 72
COGNITIEVE THEORIEËN ............................................................................................................... 74
Equity theory .............................................................................................................................. 74
Organizational justice (rechtvaardigheid) .................................................................................. 75
Distributieve rechtvaardigheid.............................................................................................. 75
procedurele rechtvaardigheid .............................................................................................. 75
interactionele/interpersoonlijke rechtvaardigheid ................................................................. 75
Verwachtingswaardetheorie ........................................................................................................ 76
Toepassen .............................................................................................................................. 78
Theorie van gepland gedrag (TBP) ................................................................................................ 79
Verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen TPB en VIE-theory ............................................................. 81
Verschillen ............................................................................................................................. 81
Overeenkomsten .................................................................................................................... 81
Goal setting theorie .................................................................................................................... 81
Zelfreguleringstheorieën ............................................................................................................. 82
Controletheorie ...................................................................................................................... 82
Sociaal-cognitieve theorie ....................................................................................................... 82
Doelimplementatietheorie ...................................................................................................... 83
Hulpmiddelen-allocatietheorie ................................................................................................ 83
Handelingstheorie .................................................................................................................. 84
Theorie van het prestatiedoel ................................................................................................... 84
Regulatiefocustheorie ............................................................................................................. 85
4
